Getting to California

1. Ch 21 Sec 3: McCarthyism Highlight in your Reading Notes • Red Scare • Loyalty Review Program • House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) • Whittaker Chambers • Alger Hiss • Julius and Ethel Rosenberg • Project Venona • Joseph McCarthy • McCarthyism • Army-McCarthy Hearings Getting to California

2. The Week in Preview (Feb 9th – 13th) Mon (2/9) Ch 21 Sec 3 “New Red Scare - McCarthyism” Progress Reports Due Tue (2/3) Ch 21 Sec 3/4 “Living with the Atomic Bomb” Wed (2/4) Ch 21 Sec 4 “Eisenhower’s Foreign Policies” Thu (2/5)REVIEW FOR UNIT 9 TEST Fri (2/13) TEST – “The Origins of the Cold War” Ch 21 and Ch 25 Sec 1____________ Wed (2/18) Open Note Reading Quiz Ch 24 Sec 1 “Civil Rights Movement Begins” pp. 746-752

3. Textbook Assignment (pp. 668-673) Ch 21 Sec 3: The Cold War and American Society • What was the purpose of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) and what were their tactics? • What was the significance when people such as Alger Hiss and the Rosenbergs were found guilty of being Communists? • How did Joseph McCarthy rise to power and why did nobody attempt to stop him? • What events finally led to Joseph McCarthy’s downfall in 1954? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Intro 2

4. Chapter Objectives Section 3: The Cold War and American Society • Describe the new Red Scare.  • Discuss how American society reflected fears of the nuclear age. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Intro 4

5. Guide to Reading Main Idea The Cold War heightened Americans’ fears of Communist infiltration and atomic attack.  Key Terms and Names • subversion  • McCarthyism  • censure  • fallout  • fallout shelter • loyalty review program  • Alger Hiss  • perjury  • McCarran Act  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-1

6. Guide to Reading (cont.) Reading Strategy Taking Notes As you read about American reaction to the Cold War, use the major headings of the section to create an outline similar to the one on page 668 of your textbook.  Reading Objectives • Describe the new Red Scare.  • Discuss how American society reflected fears of the nuclear age. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-2

7. Guide to Reading (cont.) Section Theme Civic Rights and Responsibilities In the early part of the Cold War, the fear of communism led to a hunt for spies and to intolerance and suspicion of people with radical ideas in the United States. Section 3-3

8. A New Red Scare • During the 1950s, rumors and accusations of Communists in the United States led to fears that Communists were attempting to take over the world. (pages 668–670) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-5

9. A New Red Scare • The Red Scare began in September 1945, and escalated into a general fear of Communist subversion–an effort to secretly weaken a society and overthrow its government. (pages 668–670) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-5

10. A New Red Scare (cont.) • In early 1947, Truman established the loyalty review program to screen all federal employees for their loyalty. (pages 668–670) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-6

11. No. Few Communists were actually found. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 3

12. A New Red Scare (cont.) • The program’s aim was to calm Americans.  • Instead, it led to the fear that Communists were infiltrating the government. (pages 668–670) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-6

13. A New Red Scare (cont.) • FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover went to the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) to urge them to hold public hearings on Communist subversion.  (pages 668–670) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-7

14. A New Red Scare (cont.) • Under Hoover’s leadership, the FBI sent agents to investigate suspected groups and to wiretap thousands of telephones. (pages 668–670) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-7

15. A New Red Scare (cont.) • In 1948 Time magazine editor Whittaker Chambers testified to HUAC that several government officials had also been Communists or spies at the time.  (pages 668–670) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-8

16. A New Red Scare (cont.) • The most prominent among these was lawyer and diplomat Alger Hiss. (pages 668–670) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-8

17. A New Red Scare (cont.) • Hiss had served in Roosevelt’s administration, attended the Yalta conference, and helped with the organization of the UN. (pages 668–670) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-8

18. A New Red Scare (cont.) • Hiss denied the charges, but he was convicted of committing perjury, or lying under oath. (pages 668–670) Section 3-9

19. A New Red Scare (cont.) • The search for spies intensified when the Soviet Union produced an atomic bomb. • Klaus Fuchs, a British scientist, admitted giving information to the Soviet Union. (pages 668–670) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-10

20. A New Red Scare (cont.) • This led to the arrest of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, a New York couple who were members of the Communist Party and were charged with heading a Soviet spy ring. • Although many believed the Rosenbergs were not guilty, the couple was executed in June 1953. (pages 668–670) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-10

21. A New Red Scare (cont.) • In 1946 American cryptographers cracked the Soviet spy code, allowing them to read messages between Moscow and the United States. • The government did not reveal Project Venona’s existence to the public until 1995. • It provided strong evidence against the Rosenbergs. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-11

22. A New Red Scare (cont.) • The federal government set the example for many state and local governments, universities, businesses, unions, and churches to start finding Communists. (pages 668–670) Section 3-12

23. A New Red Scare (cont.) Why did the hunt for Communist spies increase with the Soviet Union’s production of the atomic bomb? Many believed that the Soviet Union could not have produced the atomic bomb without help. The belief was that American Communists must have sold secrets of the atomic bomb to the Soviets. (pages 668–670) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 3-13

24. “A Conspiracy So Immense” • In 1949, with the Soviet Union testing an atomic bomb and China falling to communism, Americans felt they were losing the Cold War. • Americans continued to believe that Communists were inside the government. (pages 671–673) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-14

25. “A Conspiracy So Immense” • Senator Joseph R. McCarthy, in a political speech, stated that he had a list of 205 Communists in the state department. (pages 671–673) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-14

26. “A Conspiracy So Immense” (cont.) • McCarthy won the Senate race after accusing his opponent of being a Communist. • He accused Democratic Party leaders of corruption and of protecting Communists. (pages 671–673) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-15

27. “A Conspiracy So Immense” (cont.) • Others made similar charges, causing Americans to begin to believe them. (pages 671–673) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-15

28. “A Conspiracy So Immense” (cont.) • Congress passed the Internal Security Act or McCarran Act in 1950.  • The act made it illegal to “combine, conspire, or agree with any other person to perform any act which would substantially contribute to . . . the establishment of a totalitarian government.” (pages 671–673) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-16

29. “A Conspiracy So Immense” (cont.) • Senator Joseph R. McCarthy became the chairman of the Senate subcommittee on investigations. • His investigation turned into a witch hunt as he searched for disloyalty based on poor evidence and fear. • He ruined reputations without proper evidence. • This tactic became known as McCarthyism. (pages 671–673) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-17

30. “A Conspiracy So Immense” (cont.) • In 1954 Americans watched televised Army-McCarthyhearings and saw how McCarthy attacked witnesses, and his popularity faded. (pages 671–673) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-18

31. “A Conspiracy So Immense” (cont.) • Finally, an army lawyer named Joseph Welch stood up to McCarthy. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-18

32. “A Conspiracy So Immense” (cont.) • Later that year, the Senate passed a vote of censure, or formal disapproval, against McCarthy. (pages 671–673) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-18

33. End of Section 3