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Industrial Revolution & Responses (1750-1900)

Intro Early Industry Women Guilds Population Explosion Why? Factory System British First Positives & Negatives Responses. Key Terms Cottage Industry Agricultural Revolution Columbian Exchange Jethro Tull Charles Townsend British Advantages Chartists William Lovett Socialism

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Industrial Revolution & Responses (1750-1900)

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  1. Intro Early Industry Women Guilds Population Explosion Why? Factory System British First Positives & Negatives Responses Key Terms Cottage Industry Agricultural Revolution Columbian Exchange Jethro Tull Charles Townsend British Advantages Chartists William Lovett Socialism Marx & Engels Industrial Revolution & Responses (1750-1900)

  2. Cottage Industry • Spinning Wheel • Women set their own pace & made extra money

  3. Guilds • Working Conditions: • Set own pace • Small, family businesses • Pride in work Hatters Making Felt Hats

  4. 1730: 120 million 1800: 190 million 1850: 265 million 1900: 400 million Why? Decline in death rates More food!!! Europe’s Population Explosion

  5. Columbian Exchange: Crops

  6. New crops became available. New farming techniques were developed. Two leaders were… Agricultural Revolution

  7. Jethro Tull(1674-1741) • An English farmer who experimented with farming techniques. • He invented/popularized use of a seed drill & iron plow

  8. Charles “Turnip” Townsend(1674-1738) • Pioneered practice of crop rotation & use of manure. • Popularized use of alfalfa & turnips (as fodder).

  9. Impact Of New Crops & Techniques • 1700: 80% of pop. farmed • 1800: 40% of pop. farmed AND produced a lot more food!

  10. British Advantages Abundance of natural resources Farmland; coal & iron Proximity to sea Stable political system—an isolated island Colonial Empire-raw materials The Industrial Revolution began in Britain:

  11. Positives Of Industrialization Eiffel Tower (1889) • Clothing • Railroads • Soap & Underwear…

  12. Puffing Billy- Pulled Coal Trains (First Rail Locomotive in 1804; 1832 picture)

  13. “The Rocket” (1829) Average Speed: 14 mph

  14. Working Conditions Coal is loaded onto cars Descending a mine shaft

  15. Women & Child Laborers Girls hauling coal up ladders (1843) Women workers making brushes in a factory (c. 1884)

  16. Negatives Of Industrialization Poor working conditions: “Clock & Whistle” 12-16 hour days (up to 1847) Huge factories Dangerous Alcoholism grew Poor living conditions Cartoon shows exploitation of workers

  17. Chartists = Union(1830s) Universal manhood suffrage Secret ballot Eliminate property qualifications to serve in Parliament & provide salary for members Tactic: Expand democracy so workers can be elected to public office. William Lovett (1800-1877)

  18. Socialism • Public (or government) ownership of all business. • Redistribute property equally

  19. Socialism • German • Activist on behalf of Industrial workers • Co-author of Communist Manifesto Karl Marx (1818-1883)

  20. Socialism • German • His family owned factories in London-he became an activist for workers • Co-author of Communist Manifesto Fredrick Engels (1820-1895)

  21. Communist Manifesto(1848) • Throughout history, all societies have had class conflict. • Those with power (owners) exploit workers. • Once a country becomes industrialized, workers will overthrow owners in a bloody & violent revolution. Result: Establishment of society based on equality.

  22. Intro Early Industry Women Guilds Population Explosion Why? Factory System British First Positives & Negatives Responses Key Terms Cottage Industry Agricultural Revolution Columbian Exchange Jethro Tull Charles Townsend British Advantages Chartists William Lovett Socialism Marx & Engels Industrial Revolution & Responses (1750-1900)

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