THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 1700 - 1900

1. THEINDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION1700 - 1900

2. Essential Question: What caused an Industrial Revolution in England in the 1800s?

3. WHAT IS THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION? “The Industrial Revolution” refers to the time period when there was a huge increase of machine-made goods

4. Images of Industrialization SMOKE-BELCHING FACTORIES: A COMMON SIGHT

5. Images of Industrialization SMOKE-BELCHING FACTORIES: A COMMON SIGHT

6. Images of Industrialization SMOKE-BELCHING FACTORIES: A COMMON SIGHT

7. Images of Industrialization HEAVY MACHINERY IN A BLACKSMITH FACTORY

8. Images of Industrialization TRANSFORMING IRON INTO STEEL

9. Images of Industrialization STEAM POWERED SHIPS

10. Images of Industrialization AN EARLY BRITISH CANAL

11. Images of Industrialization AN EARLY STEAM LOCOMOTIVE

12. Images of Industrialization NEW TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS

13. Images of Industrialization NEW TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS

14. Images of Industrialization NEW TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS

15. In the mid-1700s, an Industrial Revolution began in England that transformed the way work was done

16. Rather than making goods by hand, new machines mass-produced products; this lowered costs of producing goods, increased profits, and changed the way people lived

17. By 1900, industrialization spread through Europe and to the United States, transforming the West into the dominant region of the world What caused the Industrial Revolution and why did it begin in England?

18. What was life like before the Industrial Revolution?

19. Before the Industrial Revolution, most Europeans worked and lived on small farming villages, using inefficient methods of farming

20. Farmers relied on the medieval and inefficient three-field system Few farmers experimented with new farm techniques As a result, the little food that was produced kept the population of Europe from growing rapidly

21. In the mid-1700s new farm techniques led to an Agricultural Revolution in Europe Fences were used to protect large farms (called the enclosure movement)

22. In the mid-1700s new farm techniques led to an Agricultural Revolution in Europe Scientific farming methods like crop rotation maximized farmland and increased production

23. In the mid-1700s new farm techniques led to an Agricultural Revolution in Europe New crops like corn and potatoes were introduced from the New World

24. In the mid-1700s new farm techniques led to an Agricultural Revolution in Europe New tools like the iron plow and seed drill made farming more efficient

25. As a result of this Agricultural Revolution, more food was made and Europe’s population increased… …this large population of workers would soon find work in industrial factories

26. THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION led to more food More food =more people More people = more demand for goods More demand for goods = INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

28. The FACTORS OF PRODUCTION are the resources needed to produce goods and services with big industry LAND CAPITAL LABOR

29. The Industrial Revolution began in ENGLAND in the mid-1700s MAP OF BRITAIN’S COAL FIELDS AND HEAVY INDUSTRIAL AREAS

30. The Industrial Revolution began in England for a variety of reasons

31. England had large deposits of natural resources, especially iron and coal

32. England had banks, a government that encouraged trade and invention, and money to invest in industry

33. England’s colonies provided cheap raw materials and markets to sell industrial goods

34. From 1750 to 1850, England was the most industrialized nation in the world

35. What was the first business to INDUSTRIALIZE?

36. The population boom created a demand for clothing, but traditional methods of textile making were slow As a result, the textile industry became the first to be industrialized

37. What do these inventions do? Sewing machine Spin yarn Weave yarn into cloth New inventions sped up spinning, weaving, sewing

38. What does this invention do? Cotton gin

39. Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin stimulated a demand for cotton textiles

40. European demand for cotton led to a boom in cotton production and slavery in the southern United States

41. New textile machinery led to the factory system Power-driven machines were able to mass-produce goods very fast and cheap Factory owners made huge profits selling mass-produced clothes

42. The textile industry and the rise of the factory system led to the growth of other industries Factories needed power and were usually located near rivers

43. In 1765, James Watt invented the first steam engine Steam engines produced more power and allowed factories to be built in cities near workers

44. The textile industry and the rise of the factory system led to the growth of other industries Factories led to a demand for faster transportation Roads and canals (artificial waterways) were built in England; Robert Fulton’s steamboat increased the speed of water travel

45. The greatest improvement to transportation was the steam-powered railroad

46. Growth of Railroads 1850-1880

47. Railroads were FAST, increased profits, and stimulated the iron and coal industries

48. The Industrial Revolution led to an increase in demand for coal to power factories and railroads Iron was needed to produce new machines, engines, and railroad track

49. By 1800, England made more iron than all other nations in the world combined

50. STEEL-MAKING PROCESS Henry Bessemer invented a cheap process for making steel (which is stronger than iron)