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Organic Polymers

Organic Polymers. Organic Polymer Chemistry. Polymer : from the Greek, poly + meros , many parts. Any long-chain molecule synthesized by linking together single parts called monomers

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Organic Polymers

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  1. OrganicPolymers

  2. Organic Polymer Chemistry • Polymer: from the Greek, poly + meros, many parts. Any long-chain molecule synthesized by linking together single parts called monomers • Monomer: from the Greek, mono + meros, single part. The simplest unit from which a polymer is synthesized • Homopolymer: a polymer made of a single type of monomer • Copolymer: a polymer made of two or more different types of monomers combined

  3. Notation & Nomenclature • Show the structure by placing square brackets around the repeat unit • n = average degree of polymerization • To name a polymer, prefix poly to the name of the monomer from which the polymer is derived

  4. Synthetic Addition Polymers • Addition Polymerization: a polymerization in which monomer units with unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds are joined together without loss of atoms. For example: • The properties of polymers are dependent on the type of functional group attached to the monomer.

  5. Polyethylenes

  6. Polyethylenes

  7. Cross-Linking • Some monomer functional groups have the ability to form cross-links. • Cross-linking is bonding of adjacent polymer strands • As a general rule, the more cross-linking present the more rigid and inflexible the polymer becomes. • Dienes (monomers with 2 unsaturated bonds) form strong cross-links • Sulphur is also used to create cross-links due to the fact it is able to form two covalent bonds. (vulcanization)

  8. Homework • Please read section 2.1 and 2.2 • Page 87 #1-3 • Page 93 #1,2,4

  9. Synthetic Condensation Polymers • Condensation polymerization: a polymerization in which chain growth occurs by a condensation reaction (removal of water) between difunctional monomers • Polyesters: A polymer formed by a condensation reaction that results in ester linkages between monomers. • Polyamides: a polymer formed by condensation reactions resulting in amide linkages between monomers.

  10. Polyesters • Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is fabricated into plastic beverage containers

  11. Polyamides • Nylon 66 (from two six-carbon monomers) • during fabrication, nylon fibers are cold-drawn to about 4 times their original length, which increases crystallinity, tensile strength, and stiffness

  12. Polyamides • Kevlar is a polyaromatic amide (an aramid) • cables of Kevlar are as strong as cables of steel, but only about 20% the weight. Kevlar fabric is used for bulletproof vests, jackets, and raincoats

  13. Recycling Codes

  14. Recycling Codes

  15. Homework • Please read section 2.4 • Page 98 #1 • Page 99 #1-6

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