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Organic Polymers

Learn about organic polymers, including homopolymers and copolymers, their notation, properties, and applications in synthetic addition and condensation polymerization. Explore notable polymers like Polyesters and Polyamides, their fabrication, and recycling codes.

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Organic Polymers

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  1. OrganicPolymers

  2. Organic Polymer Chemistry • Polymer: from the Greek, poly + meros, many parts. Any long-chain molecule synthesized by linking together single parts called monomers • Monomer: from the Greek, mono + meros, single part. The simplest unit from which a polymer is synthesized • Homopolymer: a polymer made of a single type of monomer • Copolymer: a polymer made of two or more different types of monomers combined

  3. Notation & Nomenclature • Show the structure by placing square brackets around the repeat unit • n = average degree of polymerization • To name a polymer, prefix poly to the name of the monomer from which the polymer is derived

  4. Synthetic Addition Polymers • Addition Polymerization: a polymerization in which monomer units with unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds are joined together without loss of atoms. For example: • The properties of polymers are dependent on the type of functional group attached to the monomer.

  5. Polyethylenes

  6. Polyethylenes

  7. Cross-Linking • Some monomer functional groups have the ability to form cross-links. • Cross-linking is bonding of adjacent polymer strands • As a general rule, the more cross-linking present the more rigid and inflexible the polymer becomes. • Dienes (monomers with 2 unsaturated bonds) form strong cross-links • Sulphur is also used to create cross-links due to the fact it is able to form two covalent bonds. (vulcanization)

  8. Homework • Please read section 2.1 and 2.2 • Page 87 #1-3 • Page 93 #1,2,4

  9. Synthetic Condensation Polymers • Condensation polymerization: a polymerization in which chain growth occurs by a condensation reaction (removal of water) between difunctional monomers • Polyesters: A polymer formed by a condensation reaction that results in ester linkages between monomers. • Polyamides: a polymer formed by condensation reactions resulting in amide linkages between monomers.

  10. Polyesters • Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is fabricated into plastic beverage containers

  11. Polyamides • Nylon 66 (from two six-carbon monomers) • during fabrication, nylon fibers are cold-drawn to about 4 times their original length, which increases crystallinity, tensile strength, and stiffness

  12. Polyamides • Kevlar is a polyaromatic amide (an aramid) • cables of Kevlar are as strong as cables of steel, but only about 20% the weight. Kevlar fabric is used for bulletproof vests, jackets, and raincoats

  13. Recycling Codes

  14. Recycling Codes

  15. Homework • Please read section 2.4 • Page 98 #1 • Page 99 #1-6

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