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Warm-up

Warm-up.

darryl
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Warm-up

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  1. Warm-up • Have you ever had that feeling or instant awareness where all of a sudden the figurative light went on and you understood something that had previously been confusing? Describe this moment by writing it in your notes. When you are finished, please share your story with the person next to you.

  2. Name: _____________________________________________ Date: ___________________

  3. Analyzing Visuals • In this next picture you will se an orrery, a device that shows the movement of the planets around the sun. • What do you think the darkened room and the illuminated faces of the spectators symbolize?

  4. Unit Essential Question • How did Enlightenment ideas about government, lead to a series of revolutions in the Atlantic? Civics 1, 9-12

  5. Lesson Essential Question • How did new ways of thinking lead to remarkable discoveries during the Scientific Revolution?

  6. Questions We Will Answer • What changes led to the dawn of modern science? • What discoveries occurred in astronomy, physics, and math during the Scientific Revolution? • How did early scientists advance knowledge in biology and chemistry? • How did scientific ideas move beyond the realm of science and affect society?

  7. LEQ: 2012 • What is the purpose of government? • How do the main structures of government contrast with one another?

  8. Dawn of Modern Science Discoveries in Astronomy, Physics, and Math Discoveries in Biology and Chemistry Science and Society

  9. Scientific Revolution • Rooted in the Middle Ages where scholars in Europe learned about advances in the Arab World. • Traditional authorities were challenged.

  10. Everything should be doubted until it can be proven by mathematical or logical reason. I wonder why I wasn’t on the timeline. Rene Descartes

  11. I created the Scientific Method. Francis Bacon

  12. Scientific Method • The Scientific Method is a set of techniques for acquiring new knowledge about the natural world based on observable, measurable evidence.

  13. Old View • Geocentric Theory: The belief that the earth was the center of the universe and that the sun, moon, and planets revolved around the earth.

  14. Aristotle - proposed the geocentric theory in 300 BCE. • Ptolemy – expanded upon Aristotle’s ideas in 200 CE.

  15. New View • Nicolaus Copernicus: Polish astronomer who, during the 1500,s made observations that concluded that the sun is the center of the universe. Heliocentric Theory

  16. The Astronomer Copernicus: Conversation With God, by Jan Matejko, 1800s

  17. Expanding Copernicus • Copernicus died in 1572 • Brahe – Danish Astronomer – research was funded by the king • Kepler – German mathematician - hired by Brahe • Together they formed a mathematical theory from planetary measurements • Elliptical orbit – proved heliocentrism

  18. Tycho Brahe Holy supernova!!!!

  19. Galileo Galilei • Supported Copernicus • Built the first telescope used for astronomy • First to see Saturn, craters on the moon, sunspots and the moons of Jupiter.

  20. The planets orbit the sun!

  21. Sir Isaac Newton • Combined astronomy, physics, and math • Determined that gravity affects the entire universe • Developed calculus

  22. We Love Timelines! • Please turn to page 166 and copy the red events onto a timeline and keep this in your notes.

  23. What Did Newton Mean by That? "If I have seen further than others, it is by standing upon the shoulders of giants.”

  24. Discoveries in Biology • Andreas Vesalius • William Harvey • Antony van Leeuwenhoek • Robert Hooke

  25. Andreas Vesalius • A Flemish doctor who worked in Padua, Italy. • On The Working of the Human Body, 1543 • A judge learned of his work and made the bodies of executed criminals available to him for dissection.

  26. William Harvey • Described and illustrated the inner working of the human heart.

  27. Antony van Leeuwenhoek • Invented the microscope and was the first to describe the appearance of bacteria, red blood cells, and yeast.

  28. Robert Hooke • English physicist and inventor who used a microscope to describe the planets • Created the term cell

  29. Chemistry • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J_I8Y-i4Axc • Boyle’s Law

  30. Science and Society

  31. Science and Society • Science and religion began to clash • Science and art coalesced to create representations of balance and accuracy • Can reason solve poverty, war and ignorance.

  32. I, François-Marie Arouet was the toast of Paris in 1700. My witty, satirical verses delighted Parisian aristocrats. But in 1717 I may have mocked the wrong man. The Duke of Orleans, who ruled France as regent until the young king Louis XV came of age, believed I made fun of him. Outraged, the Duke of Orleans imprisoned me in the Bastille prison for 11 months.      While in prison, I began writing more serious works. I wrote my first play, called Oedipe, which would secure my reputation as the greatest French playwright of my time. I also completed an epic poem about Henry IV called La Henriade. But I am best known for my philosophical works, which I wrote under the pen name, Voltaire. 

  33. Philosophers of the Enlightenment

  34. The Enlightenment • The Age of Reason • New Views on Government • New Views on Society • The Spread of Ideas

  35. Warm -up • If science is able to uncover the mysteries of the physical world, then is it also adequate for the study of human nature and of society? What would a women like Madame Geoffrin say?

  36. The Salon

  37. Enlightenment • Reason could be used to solve all human problems • Era full of possibility and optimism • Age of Reason • 1600s

  38. Thomas Hobbes’ Beliefs • People are selfish and greedy • Government is necessary for order • Social Contract: People should give up some freedoms in exchange for peace

  39. After living through the English civil war, I became convinced that society needed a strong central authority to control and contain the natural barbarism of humans. Thomas Hobbes

  40. Does This Relate to You? • Think/Pair/Share: • What is one freedom that you give up in exchange for order or safety from the United States’ government?

  41. John Locke’s Beliefs • People are naturally happy, tolerant, and reasonable • All people are born equal with the natural rights of life, liberty, and property • State of Nature • The purpose of government is to protect those rights

  42. What Would Locke Say? • According to Locke, what should citizens do if the government fails to protect those rights? • Did you say that citizens should overthrow the government?

  43. I believe that under ideal conditions, people live according to a law of nature. Because people could interpret the law differently, they needed an authority to enforce it. John Locke

  44. Read Like a Historian • Read/Pair/Share – Page 178 • How do Hobbes and Locke differ on their views of human nature?

  45. Rousseau’s Beliefs • People are born basically good and are corrupted by society. • Government should work for the benefit of the common good, not the wealthy few. Would you like to see a picture of me with my “homies?”

  46. The titans of Enlightenment: Voltaire, Rousseau, and Franklin.

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