Chapter 10 – Muscle Tissue

1. Chapter 10 – Muscle Tissue Cardiac or Smooth Muscle What, Why, and Where of Muscles Myofibrils Muscle Function Associated Structures $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 FINAL ROUND

2. Topic 1: Muscle Function$100 Question Which of the following is NOT a major function of skeletal muscle? a. maintaining body temperature b. lining hollow organs c. maintaining posture d. storing nutrient reserves ANSWER BACK TO GAME

3. Topic 1: Muscle Function$100 Answer Which of the following is NOT a major function of skeletal muscle? a. maintaining body temperature b. lining hollow organs c. maintaining posture d. storing nutrient reserves BACK TO GAME

4. Topic 1: Muscle Function$200 Question Which activity would be more likely to create an oxygen debt: swimming laps or lifting weights? a. swimming laps b. lifting weights c. both A and B d. neither A nor B ANSWER BACK TO GAME

5. Topic 1: Muscle Function$200 Answer Which activity would be more likely to create an oxygen debt: swimming laps or lifting weights? a. swimming laps b. lifting weights c. both A and B d. neither A nor B BACK TO GAME

6. Topic 1: Muscle Function$300 Question How would a drug that blocks acetylcholine release affect muscle contraction? a. Contraction would be prevented. b. Contraction would be slowed. c. The speed of contraction would increase. d. The strength of contraction would increase. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

7. Topic 1: Muscle Function$300 Answer How would a drug that blocks acetylcholine release affect muscle contraction? a. Contraction would be prevented. b. Contraction would be slowed. c. The speed of contraction would increase. d. The strength of contraction would increase. BACK TO GAME

8. Topic 1: Muscle Function$400 Question What statement(s) below are FALSE with regard to the contraction of skeletal muscle? a. Through eccentric contractions, the muscle lengthens. b. Through concentric contractions, the muscle does not change length. c. Through isometric contraction, the muscle remains the same length. d. A and C are correct. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

9. Topic 1: Muscle Function$400 Answer What statement(s) below are FALSE with regard to the contraction of skeletal muscle? a. Through eccentric contractions, the muscle lengthens. b. Through concentric contractions, the muscle does not change length. c. Through isometric contraction, the muscle remains the same length. d. A and C are correct. BACK TO GAME

10. Topic 1: Muscle Function$500 Question Which of the following describe the characteristics of slow muscle fibers? a. small diameter, rich in myoglobin, and high glycogen reserve b. large diameter, very vascular, and multiple mitochondria c. small diameter, rich in myoglobin, and very vascular d. large diameter, high glycogen reserve, and lack significant myoglobin ANSWER BACK TO GAME

11. Topic 1: Muscle Function$500 Answer Which of the following describe the characteristics of slow muscle fibers? a. small diameter, rich in myoglobin, and high glycogen reserve b. large diameter, very vascular, and multiple mitochondria c. small diameter, rich in myoglobin, and very vascular d. large diameter, high glycogen reserve, and lack significant myoglobin BACK TO GAME

12. Topic 2: Associated Structures$100 Question How would severing the tendon attached to a muscle affect the muscle’s ability to move a body part? a. Uncontrolled movement would result from a severed tendon. b. Movement would be greatly exaggerated with no tendon. c. No movement is possible without a muscle to bone connection. d. Limited movement would result. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

13. Topic 2: Associated Structures$100 Answer How would severing the tendon attached to a muscle affect the muscle’s ability to move a body part? a. Uncontrolled movement would result from a severed tendon. b. Movement would be greatly exaggerated with no tendon. c. No movement is possible without a muscle to bone connection. d. Limited movement would result. BACK TO GAME

14. Topic 2: Associated Structures$200 Question Which of the following describes the neuromuscular junction? a. the surface containing membrane receptors that bind acetylcholine b. special intercellular connection between axon branches and a skeletal muscle fiber c. the link between generation of an action potential and the start of muscle contraction d. a propagated change in membrane potential that travels the length of an axon ANSWER BACK TO GAME

15. Topic 2: Associated Structures$200 Answer Which of the following describes the neuromuscular junction? a. the surface containing membrane receptors that bind acetylcholine b. special intercellular connection between axon branches and a skeletal muscle fiber c. the link between generation of an action potential and the start of muscle contraction d. a propagated change in membrane potential that travels the length of an axon BACK TO GAME

16. Topic 2: Associated Structures$300 Question How are epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium interrelated? a. They are connective tissues and blend with tendons to provide firm attachments to bone. b. All three contain capillaries and nerves. c. All three contain satellite cells that function in the repair of muscle tissue. d. None of the above are correct. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

17. Topic 2: Associated Structures$300 Answer How are epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium interrelated? a. They are connective tissues and blend with tendons to provide firm attachments to bone. b. All three contain capillaries and nerves. c. All three contain satellite cells that function in the repair of muscle tissue. d. None of the above are correct. BACK TO GAME

18. Topic 2: Associated Structures$400 Question With excitation–contraction coupling, a. a motor neuron releases ACh, which allows an electrical event to be transferred to the muscular system. b. a motor neuron releases ACh, and it binds to receptors on the motor end plate of a muscle fascicle. c. the myosin cross-bridge will remain attached to actin as ATP depletion occurs. d. ACh release reveals actin’s binding site for myosin to bind. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

19. Topic 2: Associated Structures$400 Answer With excitation–contraction coupling, a. a motor neuron releases ACh, which allows an electrical event to be transferred to the muscular system. b. a motor neuron releases ACh, and it binds to receptors on the motor end plate of a muscle fascicle. c. the myosin cross-bridge will remain attached to actin as ATP depletion occurs. d. ACh release reveals actin’s binding site for myosin to bind. BACK TO GAME

20. Topic 2: Associated Structures$500 Question A motor unit is/are _____. You would need a small motor unit to control movement of the fingers _____. a. the resting tension in a muscle; so it would not involve muscle fibers of adjoining fingers b. muscle fibers controlled by a single motor neuron; because you need precise control c. the addition of one twitch to another; because you need twitches to cover a large area d. None of the above are correct. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

21. Topic 2: Associated Structures$500 Answer A motor unit is/are _____. You would need a small motor unit to control movement of the fingers _____. a. the resting tension in a muscle; so it would not involve muscle fibers of adjoining fingers b. muscle fibers controlled by a single motor neuron; because you need precise control c. the addition of one twitch to another; because you need twitches to cover a large area d. None of the above are correct. BACK TO GAME

22. Topic 3: Myofibrils$100 Question Myofibrils are organized into repeating subunits called _____. a. T tubules b. Z lines c. sarcomeres d. sarcoplasmic reticulum ANSWER BACK TO GAME

23. Topic 3: Myofibrils$100 Answer Myofibrils are organized into repeating subunits called _____. a. T tubules b. Z lines c. sarcomeres d. sarcoplasmic reticulum BACK TO GAME

24. Topic 3: Myofibrils$200 Question Why does skeletal muscle appear striated when viewed through a microscope? a. Z lines and myosin filaments align within a muscle fiber. b. Glycogen reserves are linearly arranged. c. Capillaries regularly intersect the myofibers. d. Actin filaments repel stain, appearing banded. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

25. Topic 3: Myofibrils$200 Answer Why does skeletal muscle appear striated when viewed through a microscope? a. Z lines and myosin filaments align within a muscle fiber. b. Glycogen reserves are linearly arranged. c. Capillaries regularly intersect the myofibers. d. Actin filaments repel stain, appearing banded. BACK TO GAME

26. Topic 3: Myofibrils$300 Question The A band comprises which of the following subunits? a. I band, terminal cisternae, and the Z line b. M line, H band, and the zone of overlap c. thin filaments, titin, and the Z line d. sarcoplasmic reticulum, and T tubules ANSWER BACK TO GAME

27. Topic 3: Myofibrils$300 Answer The A band comprises which of the following subunits? a. I band, terminal cisternae, and the Z line b. M line, H band, and the zone of overlap c. thin filaments, titin, and the Z line d. sarcoplasmic reticulum, and T tubules BACK TO GAME

28. Topic 3: Myofibrils$400 Question Where would you expect the greatest concentration of Ca2+ in resting skeletal muscle to be? a. in T tubules b. surrounding the mitochondria c. within sarcomeres d. in cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum ANSWER BACK TO GAME

29. Topic 3: Myofibrils$400 Answer Where would you expect the greatest concentration of Ca2+ in resting skeletal muscle to be? a. in T tubules b. surrounding the mitochondria c. within sarcomeres d. in cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum BACK TO GAME

30. Topic 3: Myofibrils$500 Question In what ways does the appearance of a sarcomere change during contraction of a skeletal muscle fiber? a. zones of overlap get larger; H band gets wider; A bands shorten b. titin molecules are relaxed; M line disappears c. Z lines move closer together; I bands and H bands get smaller d. None of the above are correct. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

31. Topic 3: Myofibrils$500 Answer In what ways does the appearance of a sarcomere change during contraction of a skeletal muscle fiber? a. zones of overlap get larger; H band gets wider; A bands shorten b. titin molecules are relaxed; M line disappears c. Z lines move closer together; I bands and H bands get smaller d. None of the above are correct. BACK TO GAME

32. Topic 4: What, Why, and Where of Muscles$100 Question _____ predominate in the large leg muscles of someone who excels at endurance activities, such as cycling. This is because _____. a. Fast fibers; they have large glycogen reserves b. Slow fibers; they have extensive capillary networks and much myoglobin c. Nonvascular fibers; they use both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism d. Intermediate fibers; they have more neuromuscular junctions ANSWER BACK TO GAME

33. Topic 4: What, Why, and Where of Muscles$100 Answer _____ predominate in the large leg muscles of someone who excels at endurance activities, such as cycling. This is because _____. a. Fast fibers; they have large glycogen reserves b. Slow fibers; they have extensive capillary networks and much myoglobin c. Nonvascular fibers; they use both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism d. Intermediate fibers; they have more neuromuscular junctions BACK TO GAME

34. Topic 4: What, Why, and Where of Muscles$200 Question What is the mechanism that is primarily responsible for ATP production at peak levels of activity? a. the reaction between ADP and creatine b. aerobic metabolism in mitochondria c. glycolysis in the cytoplasm d. both B and C ANSWER BACK TO GAME

35. Topic 4: What, Why, and Where of Muscles$200 Answer What is the mechanism that is primarily responsible for ATP production at peak levels of activity? a. the reaction between ADP and creatine b. aerobic metabolism in mitochondria c. glycolysis in the cytoplasm d. both B and C BACK TO GAME

36. Topic 4: What, Why, and Where of Muscles$300 Question Why does a muscle that has been overstretched produce less tension? a. Few cross-bridges form, causing weak contraction. b. Cross-bridges cannot be formed. c. Actin and myosin cease to be stimulated by acetylcholine. d. The increased amount of Ca2+ in the sarcoplasm causes the muscle to relax completely. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

37. Topic 4: What, Why, and Where of Muscles$300 Answer Why does a muscle that has been overstretched produce less tension? a. Few cross-bridges form, causing weak contraction. b. Cross-bridges cannot be formed. c. Actin and myosin cease to be stimulated by acetylcholine. d. The increased amount of Ca2+ in the sarcoplasm causes the muscle to relax completely. BACK TO GAME

38. Topic 4: What, Why, and Where of Muscles$400 Question What would you expect to happen to a resting skeletal muscle if the sarcolemma suddenly became very permeable to Ca2+? a. increased strength of contraction b. decreased cross-bridge c. decreased ability to relax d. both A and C ANSWER BACK TO GAME

39. Topic 4: What, Why, and Where of Muscles$400 Answer What would you expect to happen to a resting skeletal muscle if the sarcolemma suddenly became very permeable to Ca2+? a. increased strength of contraction b. decreased cross-bridge c. decreased ability to relax d. both A and C BACK TO GAME

40. Topic 4: What, Why, and Where of Muscles$500 Question Predict what would happen to muscles if a pesticide that inhibits acetylcholinesterase were present at the motor end plate. a. Muscle would lose strength. b. Muscle would be unable to contract. c. Acetylcholine receptors would be inactivated in the motor end plate. d. Muscle would contract repeatedly. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

41. Topic 4: What, Why, and Where of Muscles$500 Answer Predict what would happen to muscles if a pesticide that inhibits acetylcholinesterase were present at the motor end plate. a. Muscle would lose strength. b. Muscle would be unable to contract. c. Acetylcholine receptors would be inactivated in the motor end plate. d. Muscle would contract repeatedly. BACK TO GAME

42. Topic 5: Cardiac or Smooth Muscle$100 Question What feature of cardiac muscle tissue allows the heart to act as a functional syncytium? a. striations b. desmosomes c. gap junctions d. short T tubules without triads ANSWER BACK TO GAME

43. Topic 5: Cardiac or Smooth Muscle$100 Answer What feature of cardiac muscle tissue allows the heart to act as a functional syncytium? a. striations b. desmosomes c. gap junctions d. short T tubules without triads BACK TO GAME

44. Topic 5: Cardiac or Smooth Muscle$200 Question Smooth muscle can contract over a wider range of resting lengths than skeletal muscle can. Why? a. Smooth muscle sarcomeres are longer. b. Actin and myosin filament arrangement is less organized in smooth muscle. c. Smooth muscle cells are shorter. d. Smooth muscle actin is longer. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

45. Topic 5: Cardiac or Smooth Muscle$200 Answer Smooth muscle can contract over a wider range of resting lengths than skeletal muscle can. Why? a. Smooth muscle sarcomeres are longer. b. Actin and myosin filament arrangement is less organized in smooth muscle. c. Smooth muscle cells are shorter. d. Smooth muscle actin is longer. BACK TO GAME

46. Topic 5: Cardiac or Smooth Muscle$300 Question What structural characteristics distinguish cardiac muscle tissue from skeletal muscle tissue? Cardiac muscle cells _____. a. are larger and usually have one nucleus b. have intercalated discs, short T tubules, and no triads c. are dependent on anaerobic metabolism d. contact each other at tight junctions ANSWER BACK TO GAME

47. Topic 5: Cardiac or Smooth Muscle$300 Answer What structural characteristics distinguish cardiac muscle tissue from skeletal muscle tissue? Cardiac muscle cells _____. a. are larger and usually have one nucleus b. have intercalated discs, short T tubules, and no triads c. are dependent on anaerobic metabolism d. contact each other at tight junctions BACK TO GAME

48. Topic 5: Cardiac or Smooth Muscle$400 Question Two cardiologists are talking about functional characteristics of cardiac muscle tissue. Which of the following descriptions would they use? a. special gap junctions, intrinsic conduction system allows contraction without neural stimulation b. spindle-shaped, nonstriated, thick filaments scattered, involuntary c. striated tissue with multiple mitochondria and a multinucleated condition syncytium d. Cardiologists would not use any of this terminology. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

49. Topic 5: Cardiac or Smooth Muscle$400 Answer Two cardiologists are talking about functional characteristics of cardiac muscle tissue. Which of the following descriptions would they use? a. special gap junctions, intrinsic conduction system allows contraction without neural stimulation b. spindle-shaped, nonstriated, thick filaments scattered, involuntary c. striated tissue with multiple mitochondria and a multinucleated condition syncytium d. Cardiologists would not use any of this terminology. BACK TO GAME

50. Topic 5: Cardiac or Smooth Muscle$500 Question Why are cardiac and smooth muscle contractions more affected by changes in extracellular Ca2+ than skeletal muscle contractions? a. Extracellular Ca2+ inhibits actin. b. Cross-bridges are formed only within the sarcomeres of cardiac muscle. c. Most of the calcium for contractions comes from SR stores. d. Most of the calcium for contractions comes from extracellular fluid. ANSWER BACK TO GAME