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Chapter 4 Section 2 Art, Architecture, and Learning in Egypt

Chapter 4 Section 2 Art, Architecture, and Learning in Egypt. Writing and Literature: Hieroglyphic Writing Developed writing by around 3200 BCE, about the same time as Sumerians- scholars are not sure who developed first??

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Chapter 4 Section 2 Art, Architecture, and Learning in Egypt

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  1. Chapter 4 Section 2Art, Architecture, and Learning in Egypt Writing and Literature: Hieroglyphic Writing • Developed writing by around 3200 BCE, about the same time as Sumerians- scholars are not sure who developed first?? • Egyptian writing used hieroglyphics- a drawing or symbol that represents a word or sound • Scribes were valued for their knowledge

  2. Papyrus • Egyptians invented papyrus from the papyrus reed that grew along the Nile. Very similar to paper. • Scribes wrote in ink which was much easier than pressing letters into wet clay like the Sumerians • Also easier to transport • They could last a very long time- many survived Egyptian Literature • Included teaching stories, poems, religious texts, and histories.

  3. Architecture and Art: The Pyramids • Tombs were underground chambers • contained items that the ruler might want in the afterlife • During the Old Kingdom, three enormous pyramids were built at Giza for King Khufu- The Sphinx guarded the road to Khafre’s pyramid • World’s tallest building for 4,000 years • Pyramids showed advanced mathematics and building techniques • Unsure if slaves or workers built them • After 2200 BCE Pharaohs carved massive tombs from the cliffs at the edge of the Nile Valley

  4. Painting and Sculpture • Purpose of painting was not decoration • Created to provide the person buried in the tomb with all of the objects and pleasures shown on the walls • Colossal statues of gods stood in temples • Smaller statues of people in tombs along with their mummies • If a mummy was destroyed, the statue could replace it as a home for the dead person’s spirit

  5. Science and Mathematics The Egyptian Calendar • Wanted to keep the calendar linked to the seasons to help farmers • Developed a solar calendar with exactly 365 days Mathematics • The ability to construct the great pyramids proves their command of… • Arithmetic, addition, subtraction, multiplications, division, geometry, and the measurements of dimensions.

  6. Science, Technology, and Medicine • Advanced knowledge of astronomy • No other civilization had been able to plan and build structures so large or so perfectly shaped • Earliest forms of glass, mortar for setting stones and bricks, and many kinds of cosmetics • Complex systems of irrigation • Most advanced medical knowledge of their time • Anatomy • Skilled surgeons

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