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Ch. 27-Modernism in Architecture, Art and Music—section 2

Ch. 27-Modernism in Architecture, Art and Music—section 2. Constant experimentation and a search for new kinds of expression Strange and disturbing Great artistic eras/. Architecture and Design.

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Ch. 27-Modernism in Architecture, Art and Music—section 2

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  1. Ch. 27-Modernism in Architecture, Art and Music—section 2 • Constant experimentation and a search for new kinds of expression • Strange and disturbing • Great artistic eras/

  2. Architecture and Design • Modernism-A label given to the artistic and cultural movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which were typified by radical experimentation that challenged traditional forms of artistic expressionism. • Transform the physical framework of urban society • Chicago School of architects-Louis Sullivan • Frank Lloyd Wright-radically modern houses/

  3. Functionalism-The principle that buildings, like industrial products, should serve as well as possible the purpose for which they were made. Le Courbusier 1887-1965 “a house is a machine for living in” (pg. 861) Towards a New Architecture Adopt latest technologies International style/ Architecture and Design

  4. Frank Lloyd Wright: Fallingwater, 43 miles (69 km) southeast of Pittsburgh

  5. Walter Gropius 1887-1965 Founded the Bauhaus school Working together as a team Stress functionalism and good design Ludwig Mies van der Rohe 1886-1969 Director of Bauhaus Escaped from Nazi Germany Skyscrapers! Architecture and Design • Bauhaus-A German interdisciplinary school of fine and applied arts that brought together many leading architects, designers, and theatrical innovators. (pg. 862-863)

  6. New Artistic Movements • Increasingly abstract • Break down into • Lines • Shapes • Colors • Whole culture emerged with new techniques • Became political • Avant-garde artists=communism • Many moved to US after WWII/

  7. Impressionism • Early modernist movement • Paris • Portray sensory “impressions” in their work and capture fleeting moments of color and light in often blurry images • Looked to world around them • Turned back on traditional themes • Capturing a fleeting moment was more important than detail!/

  8. Claude Monet • 1840-1926--Sunrise

  9. Edgar Degas • 1834-1917 The Dance class

  10. Mary Cassat--Child’s Bath • 1844-1926 • American

  11. Postimpressionists and Expressionists • Added a deep psychological element • Search within self to find inner most feelings/

  12. Vincent van Gogh-built on impressionist motifs of color & light, but added an attempt to search ones inner feelings • 1953-1890—Starry Night

  13. Gustav Klimt-abstract works rooted in emotion, in this case love & sensuality • 1862-1918—The Kiss

  14. Cubism • Highly analytical approach to art concentrated on a complex geometry of lines and angled, overlapping planes./

  15. Pablo Picasso Girl with mandolin Les Demoiselles d'Avignon.

  16. Picasso--Guernica

  17. Dadaism—pg. 864 pic • Launched during WWI • Attacked all familiar standards of art and delighted in outrageous behavior • “anti-art” • If life is meaningless, so is the meaning of art • “Dada is the international expression of our times, the great rebellion of artistic movements…Blast the bloodless abstraction of expressionism!” –Richard Huelsenbeck—pg. 865 • Often artists wrote manifesto’s • Richard Huelsenbeck’s Collective Dada Manifesto- 1920/

  18. Surrealism Influenced by Freudian Psychology Portrayed images of the unconscious/

  19. Salvador Dali • 1904-1989 • Metamorphosis of Narcissus-pg. 865

  20. Salvador Dalí The Persistence of Memory

  21. Modern Music • Express emotional intensity in radically experimental forms • Modernism flourished in opera and ballet • Arranged sounds without creating recognizable harmonies • Did not begin to win acceptance until WWII/

  22. Igor Stravinsky • 1882-1971 • Russian born composer • Ballet- Rite of Spring(pg. 866) • Caused near riot in premiere in 1913 in Paris • Fertility rite on stage=pornographic/

  23. Alban Berg • 1885-1935 • Composer • Opera- Wozzek • Half-sung/Half spoken dialogue • Atonal music • Depicted a soldier driven by inner terrors to murder his mistress/

  24. Arnold Schonberg • 1874-1951 • Viennese composer • Broke with tonality • “twelve-tone”-all 12 tones of the scale were arranged in a n abstract mathematical pattern only observable by those who were educated and looking at musical score./

  25. An Emerging Consumer Society • 1918-1939 • Consumption • Leisure time- commercial entertainment/

  26. Mass Culture • New Consumer Culture • Goods produced inexpensively and in many quantities, easily transported to national markets • Marketed through professional advertising • Leisure time • Housework • Travel • Department Stores/

  27. Impact • Consumption helped democratize Western society • Break social barriers • Reinforce social differences/

  28. “New Woman” • Surprisingly independent female who could: • Vote • Hold a job • Fashionable • Makeup • Smoke • Use sex appeal • Inspired by the fact that consumer culture was transforming the lives of many young women. • Stereotype to sell manufactured goods./

  29. Left: Socialist writers Consumer culture was undermining working-class radicalism Right: Conservatives Destroyed the livelihood of traditional artisans Undermined proud national traditions Critics • Religious Leaders: • argued that it encouraged individualism and materialism • destroyed morals and undermined spirituality./

  30. Appeal to Cinema • Development • First in US-1880 • 1910- “Movie factories”-LA and New York • European nations establish their own • Distraction and propaganda/

  31. Gaumont Palace in Paris..largest cinema in the world (pg. 870)

  32. Golden Age of Silent Film • 1920s • US and European studios • Germany’s Universal Film Company (UFA) • Theaters to seat thousands APPEAL by 1920s: increasing 20-25% take in at least one movie a week./

  33. Propaganda • Indoctrination tools • Soviets and Nazis • Sergei Eisenstein • 1898-1948 • Propaganda for Russians • Leni Riefenstahl • 1902-2003 • Triumph of the Will • 1934 Nazi Party rally in Nuremberg/

  34. The Arrival of Radio • 1880s • US and Britain major broadcast in the 1920s. • BBC-National Broadcasting Networks • Direct government in Europe • Private ownership in United States/

  35. Guglielmo Marconi

  36. BBC

  37. Radio and Propaganda • Platform for political speeches • Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Baldwin used informal “fireside chats” for support • Hitler and Mussolini controlled airways and speeches./

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