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7.7 KIDNEY DISEASE

7.7 KIDNEY DISEASE. Proper kidney function is necessary for homeostasis Many kidney disorders can be detected by urinalysis. Diabetes Mellitus. Caused by inadequate secretion of insulin from pancreas - If insulin is ↓ then blood sugar levels ↑

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7.7 KIDNEY DISEASE

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  1. 7.7 KIDNEY DISEASE • Proper kidney function is necessary for homeostasis • Many kidney disorders can be detected by urinalysis

  2. Diabetes Mellitus • Caused by inadequate secretion of insulin from pancreas - If insulin is ↓ then blood sugar levels ↑ • Proximal tubule has enough ATP to reabsorb 0.1% of blood sugar back into the blood • In “DB” much higher [blood sugar] is found • Therefore excess sugar stays in nephron and increases its osmotic pressure • As a result water stays in the nephron and is later lost as urine • Individuals with “DM” urinate a lot and are often thirsty - Water lost with excreted sugar must be replenished so they drink alot

  3. Diabetes Insipidus • Caused by destruction of hypothalamic ADH producing cells or nerve tract destruction to the pituitary • If ADH is ↓ then water reabsorption is ↓  urine output ↑ • Thirst ↑ • Individuals with “DI” must drink lots of water to replace what is lost

  4. Bright’s Disease-Nephritis • General name for kidney diseases caused by inflammation of the nephrons • One type affects the glomerulus blood vessels • Bacteria produce toxins which destroy theses blood vessels nephron permeability changed • Proteins and large molecules can then get into the nephron (proteins cannot be reabsorbed) • Osmotic pressure in the nephron changes and large amounts of water stay in the nephron urine ↑

  5. KIDNEY STONES • Caused by precipitation of mineral solutes from the blood • Can be alkaline or acidic • Calcium Oxalate - acidic –most common • Calcium oxalate stones are the most common. They tend to form when the urine is acidic, meaning it has a low pH.. Dietary oxalate is an organic molecule found in many vegetables, fruits, and nuts. Calcium from bone may also play a role in kidney stone formation

  6. Calcium Oxalate stone

  7. Kidney stones can lodge in the renal pelvis or move into the bladder or urethra • Very painful

  8. Blasting Kidney Stones

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