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Progressive Movement under Taft and Wilson. Ch 11, Sec 3-4. William Howard Taft. TR’s Sec. of War; TR’s handpicked successor. Elected 1908. Progressive, not strong or decisive as TR. Tried, failed to reduce tariffs. Did not conserve US land like TR, allowed exploitation.
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Progressive Movement under Taft and Wilson Ch 11, Sec 3-4
William Howard Taft • TR’s Sec. of War; TR’s handpicked successor. • Elected 1908. • Progressive, not strong or decisive as TR. • Tried, failed to reduce tariffs. • Did not conserve US land like TR, allowed exploitation. • 1910, TR returns from African safari to see US dislike of Taft; begins Bull Moose Party (Progressive 3rd Party) to challenge Taft.
Bull Moose Party wanted: tariff reduction, women’s suffrage, 8 hour workday, ban child labor. • TR shot in attempted assassination while campaigning. • 1912-4 way election: • Republicans – William Taft • Bull Moose (Progressive) – Theodore Roosevelt • Democrats – Woodrow Wilson • Socialists – Eugene V. Debs (labor leader) • Woodrow Wilson won.
Woodrow Wilson • President of Princeton, governor of New Jersey, reputation as reformer. • Passed tariff reduction. • Created first income tax. • Passed Clayton Antitrust Act; laid out activities that business couldn’t do. • Created Federal Reserve System; created 12 Federal Reserve banks, served as banks for the banks, would prevent panics. • Banks kept money in FR bank, could borrow money to meet short term needs. • 1916 - won 2nd term on Progressive policies, “he kept us out of war (WWI)”.
Progressives did not mess with race relations. • Maintained Jim Crow and segregation. • Progressivism wound down during WWI.
Women’s Suffrage • For 70 years, US women pushed for voting rights. • 1848-Seneca Falls Convention-Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott. • Susan B. Anthony-big suffragette, brought attention using civil disobedience. • nonviolent refusal to obey a law in effort to change it. • Anthony & others pushed for state amendments for suffrage, constitutional amendment. • 1890-Wyoming first state to let women vote.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton Lucretia Mott
New Generation of Suffragettes • Stanton died in 1902, Anthony in 1906. • Alice Paul, Lucy Burns took over movement. • Held protests, burned Wilson in effigy, got arrested, held hunger strikes. • Pushed harder and harder. • 1919, Congress finally debated suffrage amendment, passed it, sent it to states. • 1920-19th Amendment ratified. • Can’t deny right to vote based on sex.
