Civil Rights Movement Figures and Events

1. Unit 10 Test Review Civil Rights

2. People Thurgood Marshall – NAACP Lawyer that argued (and won) in Brown v. Board case Rosa Parks – Arrested for not giving up her seat to a white passenger, sparks the bus boycott in Montgomery Martin Luther King, Jr – Pastor, leader of the non-violent approach civil rights

3. OrvalFaubus– Governor of Arkansas, tried to block integration of schools, Little Rock Central, but was stopped by President Eisenhower Lester Maddox – Governor of Georgia, opposed integration, used an axe outside his restaurant George Wallace – Governor of Alabama, tried to block black students from entering into the University of Alabama

4. Betty Friedan – Her book The FeminineMystique challenged the traditional role of women, helped form NOW Cesar Chávez – fought for the rights of migrant farm workers in California Dolores Huerta – worked closly with Chávez to form the United Farm Workers

5. Organizations National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) - Helped organize the movement for African American Civil Rights Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) – Advocated non-violence to achieve civil rights Black Panthers – used a more radical/violent approach to achieve civil rights

6. Southern Democrats – fought to keep the status quo of segregation in the South • Women’s Liberation (Feminist) Movement – directed at achieving greater social and economic equality for women • National Organization of Women (NOW) – formed in 1966, chief voice of the Women’s movement

7. Chicano Movement – focused on the issues of farm workers including voting and political rights • United Farm Workers – organization formed to support the Chicano Movement • American Indian Movement (AIM) – formed to seek greater respect for Native American heritage

8. Events • Montgomery Bus Boycott – 1955-1956 African Americans refused to ride public transportation to protest bus segregation • Central High School; Little Rock, Arkansas – Governor tried to block black students from entering, the Federal government intervened and enforced integration • Sit-Ins – Peaceful protests against segregation in restaurants

9. Freedom Rides – Peaceful protests against segregated interstate buses • Letters from Birmingham Jail – Written by MLK, it explained his view on the Civil Rights movement and use of non-violence • March on Washington – Aug. 28, 1963 march to support the passage of upcoming civil rights legislation

10. Civil Rights Act of 1964 – prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, or origin in all public places and places of employment Voting Rights Act of 1965 – gets rid of every obstacle designed to keep African Americans from voting (poll tax, literacy tests, etc.)

11. Affirmative Action, 1965 – Required that employers with federal contracts increase the amount of minority employees Equal Pay Act – Requires companies to pay woman the same wages as men Title IX – Guarantees female students the same opportunities as male students (sports)

12. Court Decisions Plessy v. Ferguson - 1896Legalized segregation “Separate but Equal” Brown v. Board of Education- 1954Overturns segregation in schools Sweatt v. Painter – 1950 NAACP won the case over an African American student attending the University of Texas Law School

13. Roe v. Wade – 1973Legalized abortion rights for women it the first 3 months of pregnancy “Pro-Choice” • Mendez v. Westminster School District – 1947Ruled segregation of a group of children was illegal without a special state law requiring it • Delgado v. Bastrop ISD – 1948Made segregation of Mexican American children in Texas illegal

14. Hernandez v. Texas – 1954Ruled that Mexican Americans were protected under the 14th Amendment • White v. Regester– 1973Required single member districts in Dallas and Bexar counties, so local groups could elect their own representatives • Edgewood ISD v. Kirby – 1984 Required changes in school finance to increase the funding for students in poorer school districts