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Dorsal, hollow nerve cord. Muscle segments. Fig. 34-3. Notochord. Mouth. Anus. Pharyngeal slits or clefts. Muscular, post-anal tail. Cirri. 2 cm. Mouth. Fig. 34-4. Pharyngeal slits. Atrium. Notochord. Digestive tract. Atriopore. Dorsal, hollow nerve cord. Segmental muscles.
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Dorsal, hollow nerve cord Muscle segments Fig. 34-3 Notochord Mouth Anus Pharyngeal slits or clefts Muscular, post-anal tail
Cirri 2 cm Mouth Fig. 34-4 Pharyngeal slits Atrium Notochord Digestive tract Atriopore Dorsal, hollow nerve cord Segmental muscles Anus Tail
Incurrent siphon to mouth Water flow Notochord Fig. 34-5 Dorsal, hollow nerve cord Excurrent siphon Tail Excurrent siphon Excurrent siphon Atrium Muscle segments Incurrent siphon Pharynx with slits Intestine Anus Stomach Intestine Tunic Atrium Esophagus Pharynx with slits Stomach An adult tunicate A tunicate larva
Echinodermata (sister group to chordates) Cephalochordata (lancelets) ANCESTRAL DEUTERO- STOME Chordates Urochordata (tunicates) Notochord Myxini (hagfishes) Common ancestor of chordates Fig. 34-2 Craniates Petromyzontida (lampreys) Head Vertebrates Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays, chimaeras) Vertebral column Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) Gnathostomes Jaws, mineralized skeleton Actinistia (coelacanths) Osteichthyans Lungs or lung derivatives Lobe-fins Dipnoi (lungfishes) Lobed fins Amphibia (frogs, salamanders) Tetrapods Reptilia (turtles, snakes, crocodiles, birds) Legs Amniotes Amniotic egg Mammalia (mammals) Milk
(a) Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) Fig. 34-17 (b) Clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris) (d) Fine-spotted moray eel (Gymnothorax dovii) (c) Sea horse (Hippocampus ramulosus)
(a) Order Urodela Fig. 34-21 (b) Order Anura (c) Order Apoda
(a) Tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) Fig. 34-27 (b) Australian thorny devil lizard (Moloch horridus) (c) Wagler’s pit viper (Tropidolaemus wagleri) (d)Eastern box turtle (Terrapenecarolinacarolina) (e) American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)
(a) Emu Fig. 34-30 (b) Mallards (c) Laysan albatrosses (d) Barn swallows
(a) Gibbon (b) Orangutan (c) Gorilla Fig. 34-39 (d) Chimpanzees (e) Bonobos