Chromosome Count in Daughter Cells after Mitosis

1. Question 25 If a cat has 38 chromosomes in each of its body cells, how many chromosomes will be in each daughter cell after mitosis? F 11 G 19 H 38 J 76 11th – 2003 TAKS

2. Cellular Respiration Chapter 9.3

3. Cellular Respiration • The process by which mitochondria break down food molecules to produce ATP is called cellular respiration. • There are three stages of cellular respiration: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain.

4. 3 Stages to cellular respiration: • 1) Glycolysis: This stage is anaerobic (no oxygen). Occurs in the cytoplasm Glycolysis produces a net yield of 2 NADH, 2 ATP, and 2 pyruvate molecules. • Following glycolysis, the pyruvic acid molecules move into the mitochondria and goes through the next stage of cellular respiration

6. 2) Citric acid cycle (Kreb’s cycle): • This cycle requires aerobic (oxygen) energy. • Net product is 2 ATP.

8. 3) Electron transport chain: • The electron transport chain is in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. • During this stage 32 ATP molecules are formed.

10. Final tally of ATP in cellular respiration: • Glycolysis 2 ATP • Krebs Cycle 2 ATP • Electron transport chain 32 ATP 36 ATP

11. Anaerobic respiration • Certain cells in your body can produce energy without oxygen. Example: Muscle • This is called anaerobic respiration.

12. Anaerobic Respiration • Fermentation is the extraction of energy from pyruvate in the absence of oxygen. • 2 Types of fermentation: • 1) alcoholic fermentation- produces CO2 and ethyl alcohol. Example: making bread • 2) Latic acid fermentation- process of making energy when oxygen is scarce. • Only 2 ATP molecules are formed in fermentation.