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Aircraft measurements of the SO 2 distribution in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere

Aircraft measurements of the SO 2 distribution in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. A. Roiger, H. Schlager, K. Wissmüller, H. Aufmhoff, F. Arnold DLR, Institute of Atmospheric Physics. SSRiC Workshop 28 – 30 Oct 2013 Atlanta, GA, USA. SO 2 measurements using CI - ITMS .

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Aircraft measurements of the SO 2 distribution in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere

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  1. Aircraftmeasurements of the SO2 distribution in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere A. Roiger, H. Schlager, K. Wissmüller, H. Aufmhoff, F. Arnold DLR, Institute ofAtmosphericPhysics SSRiC Workshop 28 – 30 Oct 2013 Atlanta, GA, USA

  2. SO2measurementsusing CI - ITMS Roiger, A.> Aircraftmeasurementsof SO2 > SSiRC Workshop > 29.10.2013 • CI-ITMS (Chemical Ionization – Ion Trap MassSpectrometry) • CO3-ionchemistry (e.g. Speidel et al., 2007) • time resolution ~ 1-2 s • detectionlimit ~ 10 pptv (10s) • online isotopiccalibrationusing34SO2 HALO: max. altitude ~15 km Falcon: max. altitude~12 km → 3 aircraftcampaigns(2010, 2012) → 10 aircraftcampaigns (2004 - 2012)

  3. Overview: SO2measurements (2004 – 2012) Roiger, A.> Aircraftmeasurementsof SO2 > SSiRC Workshop > 29.10.2013 In total: 13 fieldcampaigns ~ 480 flighthours

  4. In-situ SO2verticalprofiles: polar region & mid-latitudes Roiger, A.> Aircraftmeasurementsof SO2 > SSiRC Workshop > 29.10.2013 ASTAR Spitsbergen, April 2007 INTEX W Europe, May-June 2006 DC3 Kansas (USA), May 2012 Norilsk smelter ~2500 kT/y (Fioletov et al., 2013) WCB outflow (NA, Asia) BB (New Mexico) Norilsk smelter * Asian emissions - WCB outflow * ~2500 kT/y, Fioletovet al., 2013

  5. In-situ SO2verticalprofiles: tropics Roiger, A.> Aircraftmeasurementsof SO2 > SSiRC Workshop > 29.10.2013 TROCCINOX Brasil, Feb-Mar 2005 SCOUT N Australia, Nov-Dec 2005 AMMA West Africa, July 2006 coppersmelters& deg. volcanoes* * ~4000 kT/y, Fioletovet al., 2013

  6. SO2verticalprofiles: in-situ measurements & EMAC model Roiger, A.> Aircraftmeasurementsof SO2 > SSiRC Workshop > 29.10.2013 TROCCINOX Brasil, Feb-Mar 2005 SCOUT N Australia, Nov-Dec 2005 AMMA West Africa, July 2006 EMAC: Jöckel et al., GMD, 2010

  7. SO2distributionataltitudesbetween 8 – 12 km Roiger, A.> Aircraftmeasurementsof SO2 > SSiRC Workshop > 29.10.2013 5°x5° bins

  8. SO2distributionataltitudesbetween 8 – 12 km Roiger, A.> Aircraftmeasurementsof SO2 > SSiRC Workshop > 29.10.2013 volcano„Kasatochi“ (Jurkat et al., 2010) Asian emissions (Fiedler, 2008) + 5°x5° bins Canadian biomass burning Indonesian biomassburning MCS outflow (Fiedler, 2008)

  9. SO2distributionataltitudesbetween 12 – 15km Roiger, A.> Aircraftmeasurementsof SO2 > SSiRC Workshop > 29.10.2013 5°x5° bins SO2typically ~10-30 pptv → In goodagreementwith MIPAS observations (Höpfner et al., ACPD, 2013) AsianMonsoonoutflow in Tropical Easterly Jet AsianMonsoonoutflow in Tropical Easterly Jet

  10. SO2 in-situ observations in Asian Monsoonoutflow O3 EMAC analysis SO2 CO

  11. SO2 in-situ observations in Asian Monsoonoutflow Roiger, A.> Aircraftmeasurementsof SO2 > SSiRC Workshop > 29.10.2013 ESMValflight 18 Sep 2012: Male – Larnaca Hysplitbackwardtrajectories

  12. Outlook: Future SO2measurements • SO2measurementsonboardHALO • (ACCRIDON, OMO – Asia) • SO2measurementsonboardGeophysica M55 (StratoCLIM, summer 2015/2016) → Expected SO2mixingratios: ~10-15 pptv → CIMS instrumenttobeintegratedin MIPAS dome Höpfner et al., ACPD, 2013

  13. Outlook: Future SO2measurementsonboardGeophysica • Challenges • lowdetectionlimitneeded (tobeimprovedby a factorof 2 – 5) → zerobaselinedeterminationimportant • lowpressure, automatization • Achievements • First detailed in-situ SO2measurementsabove 15km (between 15 - 20km onlyonesingleobservationreporting SO2estimates) • Horizontal andverticalvariabilityof SO2 → indicationsoffreshinjections? • In combinationwithsimultaneous H2SO4measurementsestimatesof OH possible

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