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Propane-air (SNG) … in the world of natural gas

Propane-air (SNG) … in the world of natural gas. Objectives. Synthetic Natural Gas background Applications Guidelines Summary. Natural Gas. Readily available Low cost Most types of equipment use Natural Gas Clean. Natural Gas Disadvantages.

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Propane-air (SNG) … in the world of natural gas

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  1. Propane-air (SNG) … in the world of natural gas

  2. Objectives • Synthetic Natural Gas background • Applications • Guidelines • Summary

  3. Natural Gas • Readily available • Low cost • Most types of equipment use Natural Gas • Clean

  4. Natural Gas Disadvantages • Not available in remote locations (but may be planned for future installation) • Demand exceeds supply in peak periods (particularly winter) • Pipelines may break(typically cause extended outages) • Not easily stored at user site

  5. Synthetic Natural Gas • May be used in locations planning future natural gas (Bridging application) • May be used to supplement natural gas when supply is limited (Peak Shaving) • May be used to replace natural gas in the event of supply disruption (Back-Up)

  6. SNG: A mixture of LPG + Air to simulate Natural Gas SNG LPG Air

  7. SNG Characteristics • Direct replacement for natural gas • No burner replacements or adjustments • No pressure changes needed • Works in all fuel applications

  8. SNG to NG INTERCHANGEABILTY SNG “acts like” Natural Gas… Wobbe Index: a measure of the ENERGY being provided to a combustion process.

  9. Fuel Interchangeability Wobbe Index Natural Gas SG = 0.6 and the Calorific value =935 BTU/SCF SNG SG = 1.386 and the Calorific value = 1421 BTU/SCF Wobbe Index = 935 = 1421 √.6000 √1.386m Wobbe = 1207

  10. Natural Gas: • 935 BTU/SCF • 0.600 SG • Synthetic Natural Gas: • 1.421 BTU/SCF • 0.386 SG Wobbe 1207 • No pressure changes • No orifice changes • Seamless fuel swapping

  11. SNG Advantages • Available in remote locations (Bridging to build infrastructure while waiting for natural gas) • Adequate supply even in peak periods(Peak Shaving) • No pipelines to break(Available during natural gas outages - Back-Up) • Easily stored at user site

  12. Objectives • Synthetic Natural Gas background • Applications • Guidelines • Summary

  13. SNG Advantages • Available in remote locations (Bridging to build infrastructure while waiting for natural gas) • Adequate supply even in peak periods(Peak Shaving) • No pipelines to break(Available during natural gas outages - Back-Up) • Easily stored at user site

  14. Different Worlds…yet common needs…

  15. CASE STUDY South Korea CityGas Development – Development of natural gas pipeline using off-grid SNG Pre- 1980’s LPG Cylinder market with naptha gas in Seoul and Pusan

  16. Start with SNG LPG SNG

  17. R Gas Grid PRS R R R Natural Gas Distribution Network

  18. Natural Gas Arrives LPG SNG LNG

  19. CASE STUDY South Korea CityGas Development Mid 1980’s to Mid 1990’s Incheon LNG Terminal Pyeongtaek LNG Terminal Tongeyong LNG Terminal

  20. Case Example So. Korea…the Results… • Changed from almost no piped gas to highly developed gas system in ~15 years • SNG became the temporary base fuel • SNG evolved to LNG over time… • Korea: 2nd largest importer of LNG • KOGAS: largest LNG buyer in world • Can be Adapted to other areas

  21. Where else could this model work? • Ingredients for success… • Problematic natural gas deliverability and good LPG availability • Significant use of natural gas by both the residential and commercial sector • Social / political unrest due to the energy scenario • Locations where gov’t intervention to such problems can / will occur • Possibilities: • Parts of North Africa • Parts of West Africa • Parts of So. America • Caribbean Basin • South Asia • Parts of Middle East

  22. SNG Advantages • Available in remote locations (Bridging to build infrastructure while waiting for natural gas) • Adequate supply even in peak periods(Peak Shaving) • No pipelines to break(Available during natural gas outages - Back-Up) • Easily stored at user site

  23. Natural Gas Usage

  24. Where else could this model work? Pakistan

  25. Gwadar SNG Facility

  26. Pakistan NG Network Afghanistan India IRAN

  27. Pakistan Supply vs Demand

  28. Pakistan Off Grid SNG benefits: • A dire need… • Supply chain facilities are in place • (HUGE expense and time hurdle is eliminated…) • Capacity is available and expandable • LPG marine terminals and storage • Regional LPG supply sources • Political and social motivations

  29. In Summary…. SNG could provide 10-20% of the current shortfall of 1050 MMSCFD quickly and cost effectively In this scenario SNG is a good fit!

  30. SNG Advantages • Available in remote locations (Bridging to build infrastructure while waiting for natural gas) • Adequate supply even in peak periods(Peak Shaving) • No pipelines to break(Available during natural gas outages - Back-Up) • Easily stored at user site

  31. Recent Large SNG Projects • Argentina (’08) • Client: METROGAS REPSOLYPF / AESA • Chile (’05,’06,’07) • Client: Metrogas SA (3 Phases) • Saudi Arabia (’08) • Client: Arabian United Float Glass Co. • USA (’07) • Client: City Utilities (Missouri) 70 MT/h – fed by liquids pipeline 90 MT/h - fed by road tankers & pipeline 6.5 MT/h - fed by road tankers 35MT/h - fed by road tankers

  32. New Pakistan Projects

  33. Location: USA • Function: Peak Shaving • Capacity: 1700 MMBTU/h at 150PSIG

  34. Metrogas SA: Santiago, Chile • Capacity: 3900 MMBTU/h total • SNG Pressure: 135 / 50 PSIG

  35. Chile LPG Storage Tanks 8 x 50 mt mounded Storage Tanks 5 x 7,000 US Gal/h Vaporizers 5 x SNG Blenders Pressure: 60 PSIG .

  36. LPG Pumping System

  37. Complete SNG System

  38. Metrogas: Buenos Aires, Argentina (AESA / Repsol-YPF) • Capacity: • 2500 MMBTU/h • SNG Pressure: 330 PSIG

  39. SNG: Engineered Solutions for Natural Gas Energy markets…

  40. SNG: Engineered Solutions for Natural Gas Energy markets…

  41. Objectives • Synthetic Natural Gas background • Applications • Guidelines • Summary

  42. Guidelines for Equipment Selection • Analyze FULL RANGE of LPG supplies. Design equipment for worst case • Equipment capacity should be determined based on lowest temperatures • Select provider with ASME and UL capabilities IN HOUSE • Ask about world-wide service capabilities • Blender should automatically adjust to compensate for LPG quality

  43. Objectives • Synthetic Natural Gas background • Applications • Ely Energy • Guidelines • Summary

  44. Conclusions • SNG is a overcomes weakness in natural gas supply systems • Well-established technology (40+ years at Ely) • Can be implemented quickly • No other solution offers SNG’s flexibility

  45. www.elyenergy.com Our Thanks…

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