Introduction to Psychology Lecture 1: Introduction

1. Introduction to Psychology Lecture 1: Introduction

2. What is Psychology?

3. What is Psychology? The scientific study of behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism’s physical state, mental state, and external environment. Physical State Mental State Environment

4. What is Psychology? The scientific study of behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism’s physical, state, mental state, and external environment. Crash Course – Psychology 101 • Scientific study requires several things: • Theoretical framework • Testable Hypotheses • Empirical evidence

5. What is Psychology? The scientific study of behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism’s physical, state, mental state, and external environment. • Behavior and mental processes include overt, observable instances but also include subtle kinds of instances, like brain activity.

6. What is Psychology? The scientific study of behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism’s physical, state, mental state, and external environment. • Humans and may other creatures included in the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

7. What is Psychology? The scientific study of behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism’s physical state, mental state, and external environment. • Physical state relates primarily to the organism’s biology - most especially the state of the brain and central nervous system

8. What is Psychology? The scientific study of behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism’s physical state, mental state, and external environment. • Mental state does not have to be conscious - can study mental states in many creatures without their conscious awareness - and can be studied in terms of brain activity.

9. What is Psychology? The scientific study of behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism’s physical state, mental state, and external environment. • All organisms function in an environment that is constantly presenting them with problems and challenges that must be solved. • BOBO Doll experiment

10. What is Psychology? The scientific study of behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism’s physical state, mental state, and external environment. • Most people think of psychology as the study of differences between people, but it also includes the study of similarities between people. Nature vs. Nurture

11. What is Psychology? Kinds of Psychologists: (all scientists) • Cognitive • Social • Developmental • Health • Clinical • Human Factors • Cognitive Neuroscience • Evolutionary • Educational

12. What is Scientific Thinking? 1. Critical thinking - assess claims on the basis of well-supported reasons and evidence - not on emotional or anecdotal reasoning. 2. Involves asking questions - one of the most important is, “WHY?” 3. Involves defining terms - must be clear and concrete

13. What is Scientific Thinking? 4. Involves examining evidence - “Let me have my opinion!” doesn’t count 5. Involves analyzing assumptions and biases - scientific thinkers do not take anything as proven fact and work hard to overcome their own biases in thinking

14. What is Scientific Thinking? 6. Involves avoiding emotional reasoning - do not let gut feelings replace clear thinking - emotional conviction does not settle arguments 7. Involves avoiding oversimplification - the obvious answer is often wrong and misleading - do not argue based on own anecdotal evidence

15. What is Scientific Thinking? 8. Involves consideration of other interpretations - the best interpretations are supported by the most evidence and explain the most variables 9. Involves tolerating uncertainty - sometimes evidence is unclear or does not even exist 10. Involves asking questions that can be tested in this world

16. What is Scientific Thinking? What is the difference between these two statements? 1. I like Fords better than Hondas. 2. Fords are better than Hondas. And what about this statement? 3. Fords are the best in the world and Hondas do not exist; they are a conspiracy of the Japanese government.

17. What’s Happening in Our Class?

18. What’s Happening in Our Class? 1. Taking a look at Psychology by asking five broad questions. • How did we get here? • How do we act? • How do we think/know? • How do we interact? • How do we differ?

19. What’s Happening in Our Class? 2. We will always be asking how the physical state of an organism and its environment simultaneously influence an organism’s behavior and mental processes. 3. We will spend a lot of time discussing how people are similar and some time talking about how they are different.

20. What’s Happening in Our Class? 4. We will draw on what we know about other critters to help us understand ourselves. 5. We will study and critique all kinds of ideas about the way people work. 6. We will learn a set of theoretical tools in the beginning of class and continue to use them though out the course.

21. What’s Happening in Our Class? Examples of ideas that we will discuss and evaluate: • What happens to our brains when we eat chocolate? What parts of our brain are affected by speech/sight/smell/touch?? • Are their scientific behavioral differences between men and women? • How/why do people overdose on drugs?

22. What’s Happening in Our Class? Examples of ideas that we will discuss and evaluate: • Why can children learn any language while adults have to work so hard to learn a second language? • What does sexuality have to do with a person’s psyche? • What is stem cell research and why do we care?