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Islam

Explore the transformative journey of Arabia from nomadic egalitarianism to the rise of Islam, highlighting social structures, leadership, and cooperation within pre-Islamic and Islamic societies. Discover the impact of Prophet Muhammad, the creation of Umma, Islamic laws, and the succession of caliphates. Uncover the significance of Islamic teachings for women, the Sunni-Shi’ite split, and the rise and fall of the Umayyad, Abbasid, and Turkish empires. Experience the Golden Age of Islam and the complex interplay of religion, politics, and culture in shaping the Arabian Peninsula's history.

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Islam

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  1. Islam

  2. I. Arabia Before Islam • Nomads • Egalitarian poverty • Status of women … WHY??? • Leadership • How does this tie people together??? • Cooperation / Competition

  3. I. Arabia Before Islam • War • Inequality • Mecca • North to Byzantium • Northeast to Sassanid Empire

  4. II. Prophet Muhammad • Muhammad (570 – 632) • Background • Revelations (610) • Key ideas • Creates Umma – What is this???

  5. Discussion Question • How did the creation of the Umma help to create more unity among the people of Arabia?

  6. II. Prophet Muhammad • The Ka’ba • Caravan travelers • Who do they worship??? • Why does Muhammad preach against this??? • Muhammad’s teachings upset… WHY??? • Leaders of Mecca feared this would cost them $$$ HOW??? • Persecution

  7. II. Prophet Muhammad • Hijra (622) • Islamic calendar • Medina • Theocracy • Jihad • Arabian Peninsula • Mecca is spiritual center • Medina is political center

  8. III. Islamic Laws • Dar al-Islam – WHAT IS IT??? • Five Pillars of Islam • Built around nomadic lifestyle • Proclamation • Prayer • Fasting • Hajj • Alms

  9. III. Islamic Laws C. Islam and Women • Spiritually Equal – WHY??? • Prior to Muhammad • Muhammad seen as savior to women • Women remain socially unequal • Contrast

  10. IV. After Muhammad • Rashidun Caliphate (632 – 661) • Expanded empire • Religiously tolerant • Sunni / Shi’ite split • Shi’ite – Closest blood tie to Muhammad • Sunni – Blood ties irrelevant – most pious Quraysh

  11. IV. After Muhammad • Umayyad Empire (661 – 750) • Second wave of expansion WHERE??? • Arabs given special status and privilege • Leads to ??? • Overthrown • Used resentment of non-Arab Muslims

  12. IV. After Muhammad • Abbasid Empire (750 – 1258) • Golden Age of Islam (Pax Islamica) • Consolidation • Standardization • All followers believe same thing • Economy • Overthrown by Mongols

  13. IV. After Muhammad • Turkish Rule (1055 – 1920s) • Fragmentation • Abbasids weakened by use of Mamluks (slave soldiers and bureaucrats) • Children of conquered people • Converted to Islam, trained militarily, educated • Used in military and government positions • Mamluks • Seljuk Turks (1055 - 1157) and Ottoman Turks (1299 – 1920s)

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