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Fluid Power Machines: Understanding Positive Displacement Pumps

Explore the realm of positive displacement pumps in fluid power machinery. Learn about their mechanical and volumetric efficiency, and how they are utilized in various industries such as mining, agriculture, and fluid power systems. This comprehensive guide covers rotary piston pumps, PRV requirements, and operating points intersection in system head curves. Dive into the mechanics of fluids with references from reputable sources like Potter & Wiggert and Cengel & Cimbala, enhancing your knowledge in this vital aspect of engineering fluid mechanics.

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Fluid Power Machines: Understanding Positive Displacement Pumps

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  1. Turbomachinery • Rotating element connected to a shaft • Turbine: device to extract energy from fluid stream. Pressure decrease. • Pump, fan, compressor: devices to add energy to fluid stream. Pressure increase. • Steady state: rotational speed of rotor does not vary.

  2. Moving gases • Fans • Blowers • Compressors

  3. Moving liquids • Pump • Positive displacement • Kinetic/dynamic – centrifugal pump

  4. PD pump • High discharge pressure : PRV needed • High viscosity • Shear sensitive • Relatively low volume flow • Self- priming

  5. Fluid Power Mining Solvent coating Agriculture • Elevators • Front-end loaders • Dump trucks • Fork lifts • Aircraft control surfaces • Landing gear • Dentist drill

  6. Positive Displacement Pumps

  7. Positive displacement • Rotary piston • Swash plate

  8. Fluid Power • Mechanical efficiency • Volumetric efficiency • Conversion factors

  9. Radial pump • Centrifugal • Chemical manufacture • Petroleum refining • Pulp & paper • Water treatment • Chillers for A/C

  10. Pump Curve • Discharge head vs discharge rate • Shut-off head • Free discharge

  11. System Head Curve • Fixed head • Variable head

  12. Operating Point • Intersection pump and system head curves • Available flow rate

  13. Assignment • Chapter 13

  14. References • Images & examples • Mechanics of Fluids, 3rd Edition, Potter & Wiggert, Brooks & Cole • Applied Fluid Mechanics, 6th Edition, Mott, Prentice Hall • Engineering Fluid Mechanics, 5th Edition Crowe, & Roberson, Wiley • Fluid Mechanics Cengel & Cimbala McGraw Hill

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