Integration services: used to integrate data from different data sources. Analysis Services:

1. Integration services: • used to integrate data from different data sources. • Analysis Services: • OLAP and data mining capabilities for business intelligence. • Provides a very robust environment for detailed analysis of data. • Data mining – analysis of large quantity of data for hidden relationships. • Reporting Services: • server-based report generation software system  • used to prepare, design, deploy, manage and deliver a variety of interactive and printed reports, both Web-based and traditional reports.

2. Integration Services • Through this services we can(Extract, Transform and Load) which is useful for the Data Warehousing Application. • We can load the data based on the needs and performs the transformations on the data and also can perform the tasks on the day to day activity. • Defines a workflow how the data is being processes to load.

3. Reporting Services • It is a Server based report generation system from Microsoft. Competes with Crystal Reports and Other Business Intelligence tools. • It is administered via a Web interface.it is used to deliver a variety of Interactive and Printed Reports.

4. Reporting Services • Through this, you can be able to Export the reports into Excel, PDF, CSV, XML (and Other Image Formats) • Reports can be delivered via e-mail or placed on a file system. We can provide the security for each Report as well. • We can develop the Reports in different formats like matrix format, table format & so on…We can also publish reports in Windows Azure.

5. Analysis Service • It is an OLAP (On-Line Analytical Processing), Data Mining and Reporting Tool in Microsoft SQL Server. • It is a Tool used by organization to analyze and make information spreads across Multiple Databases or in different tables with partition and we can take actions accordingly and the biggest advantage is Prediction is also possible. • Analysis Services is a group of OLAP and Data mining Capabilities.

6. DBMS availability • Simply stated, availability is the condition wherein a given resource can be accessed by its consumers. • So in terms of databases, availability means that if a database is available, the users of its data—that is, applications, customers, and business users—can access it. • Any condition that renders the resource inaccessible causes the opposite of availability: unavailability.

7. DBMS availability • Another perspective on defining availability is the percentage of time that a system can be used for productive work. • The required availability of an application will vary from organization to organization, within an organization from system to system, and even from user to user.

8. DBMS availability • Information availability (IA) refers to the ability of an IT infrastructure to function according to business expectations during its specified time of operation. • IA can be defined in terms of accessibility, reliability, and timeliness of information. • Accessibility: Information should be accessible at the right place, to the right user. • Reliability: Information should be reliable and correct in all aspects. It is “the same” as what was stored, and there is no alteration or corruption to the information. • Timeliness: Defines the exact moment or the time window (a particular time of the day, week, month, and year as specified) during which information must be accessible. For example, if online access to an application is required between 8:00 a.m. and 10:00 p.m. each day, any disruptions to data availability outside of this time slot are not considered to affect timeliness.

9. Causes of Information Unavailability • Planned outages include installation/ integration/ maintenance of new hardware, software upgrades or patches, taking backups, application and data restores, facility operations (renovation and construction), and refresh/migration of the testing to the production environment. • Unplanned outages include failure caused by human errors, database corruption, and failure of physical and virtual components.

10. Disruptors of information availability

11. Consequences of Downtime • Average cost of downtime per hour = average productivity loss per hour + average revenue loss per hour • Where: Productivity loss per hour = (total salaries and benefits of all employees per week)/(average number of working hours per week) • Average revenue loss per hour = (total revenue of an organization per week)/(average number of hours per week that an organization is open for business)

12. DBMS availability • IA is the time period during which a system is in a condition to perform its intended function upon demand. • It can be expressed in terms of system uptime and downtime and measured as the amount or percentage of system uptime: • IA = system uptime/(system uptime + system downtime) • Where system uptime is the period of time during which the system is in an accessible state; when it is not accessible, it is termed as system downtime.

13. Data replication Data replication • Availability of data • Storing data in more than one sites • Full replication • Partial replication

14. Data replication

16. Fragmentation • Whole database is fragmented and stored in different computers over the sites • Horizontal Fragmentation • Vertical Fragmentation

17. Fragmentation

18. Horizontal Fragmentation Horizontal Fragmentation

19. Vertical Fragmentation Vertical Fragmentation