For Test on Friday Also study your Geography Alive Ch 8 lesson

1. For Test on FridayAlso study your Geography Alive Ch 8 lesson Migration

2. Warm Up • Why do people migrate from rural areas to urban areas? What are some advantages of each? • Why do people move from urban centers to suburbs? What are some advantages of each?

3. Why People Migrate • Reasons for migrating • Push & pull factors • Economic• Cultural/Political • Environmental • Distance of migration • Internal migration • International migration • Characteristics of migrants • Gender • Family status

4. The ability to move from one location to another is mobility.

5. A permanent move to a new location is migration.

6. Refugees: Sources & Destinations Fig. 3-1: Major source and destination areas of both international and internal refugees.

7. A refugee is a person who is forced to migrate from a country, usually because of political reasons. The U.S. Committee for Refugees estimated that in 2005 there were 12 million refugees forced to migrate to other countries and 21 million forced to migrate to another region of the same country. Sudan & Colombia have the largest groups of internal refugees. Palestinian & Afghans make up the largest group of international refugees.

8. Hurricane Katrina Migrants A major natural disaster represents an environmental push factor for forced migration.

9. Scene from The Grapes of Wrath The Dust Bowl in the 1930s led to forced migration from the Great Plains to California and elsewhere.

10. Migration Patterns • Global migration patterns • U.S. immigration patterns • Colonial immigration • 19th-century immigration • Recent immigration • Impact of immigration on the U.S. • Legacy of European migration • Undocumented immigration • Destination of immigrants within the U.S.

11. Global Migration Patterns Fig. 3-2: The major flows of migration are from less developed to more developed countries.

12. Net Migration (per population) Fig. 3-3: Net migration per 1000 population. The U.S. has the largest number of immigrants, but other developed countries also have relatively large numbers. A country has net in-migration if emigration is less then imigration.

13. Migration to U.S., by Region of Origin Fig. 3-4: Most migrants to the U.S were from Europe until the 1960s. Since then, Latin America and Asia have become the main sources of immigrants.

14. Irish potato famine lead to a massive migration stream out of Ireland. Disastrous economic conditions pushed them out of the country to the United States.

15. Europeans comprised more than 90 percent of the immigrants to the United States during the nineteenth century, and even as recently as the early 1960s, still accounted for more than 50 percent. Latin America and Asia are now the dominant sources of immigrants to the United States.

16. New York Harbor and Ellis Island Ellis Island is connected to New Jersey by bridge. Liberty Island and the Statue of Liberty are south of Ellis Island.

17. Ellis Island

18. Immigrants to the US

19. Migration from Asia to the U.S. Fig. 3-5: The largest numbers of migrants from Asia come from India, China, the Philippines, and Vietnam.

20. Migration from Latin America to the U.S. Fig. 3-6: Mexico has been the largest source of immigrants to the U.S., but immigrants have also come from numerous other Latin American nations.

21. Undocumented Immigrants in the US Fig. 3-7: California, Texas, and Florida are the leading destinations for undocumented immigrants to the U.S.

22. Pollero or coyote is a term for someone who helps undocumented Mexicans immigrate.

23. U.S. - Mexico Borderat Tijuana The U.S. side of the border is uninhabited and separated from Mexico by a fence

24. U.S. States as Immigrant Destinations Fig. 3-8: California is the destination of about 25% of all US immigrants; another 25% go to New York and New Jersey. Other important destinations include Florida, Texas, and Illinois.

25. Obstacles to Migration • Immigration policies of host countries • U.S. quota laws • Temporary migration for work • Time-contract workers • Economic migrants or refugees? • Cultural problems living in other countries • U.S. attitudes to immigrants • Attitudes to guest workers

26. Guest Workers in Europe Fig. 3-9: Guest workers emigrate mainly from Eastern Europe and North Africa to work in the wealthier countries of Western Europe.

27. Turkish Kebab Stand in Germany

28. Islamic women in France

29. Emigration from China Fig. 3-10: Various ethnic Chinese peoples have distinct patterns of migration to other Asian countries.

30. Migration of Vietnamese Boat People Fig. 3-11: Many Vietnamese fled by sea as refugees after the war with the U.S. ended in 1975. Later boat people were often considered economic migrants.

31. Large-scale migration occurred in SE Asia after 1975 primarily because of communist victory.

32. Most Asians are currently migrating to the US through the process of chain migration. Someone gets established in the country and then they sponsor another family member.

33. Most immigrants will send payments to family members in their home country called remittances.

34. Anti-Immigration Protest in Spain Spanish youths attacked Moroccan immigrants in El Ejido, Spain after an alleged murder.

35. Migration within a Country • Migration between regions of a country • Migration between regions within the U.S • Migration between regions in other countries • Migration within one region • Rural-urban migration (most prominent type around world) • Urban-suburban migration • Migration from metropolitan to nonmetropolitan regions

36. Center of Population in the U.S. Fig. 3-12: The center of U.S. population has consistently moved westward, with the migration of people to the west. It has also begun to move southward with migration to the southern sunbelt.

37. A physical feature such as a body of water, desert, mountain range, which hinders migration is an example of an intervening obstacle.

38. Echo Canyon, northeastern Utah Echo Canyon was one of many obstacles to 19th century wagon trains heading west.

39. Interregional Migration in the U.S. Fig. 3-13: Average annual migrations between regions in the U.S. in 1995 and in 2003

40. U.S. Interregional Migration, 1995

41. U.S. Interregional Migration, 2003

42. The largest interregional migration in the United States of African-Americans has been from South to North.

43. Brasilia, Brazil Brasilia was created as Brazil’s new capital in 1960 and since then has attracted thousands of migrants in search of jobs.

44. Intraregional Migration in the U.S. Fig. 3-14: Average annual migration among urban, suburban, and rural areas in the U.S. during the 1990s. The largest flow was from central cities to suburbs. The current intraregional trend in the United States is from urban to suburban.

45. Net Migration by County, 2000-04 Fig. 3-15: Rural counties in the southwest and Florida have had net in-migration, while there has been net out-migration from rural counties in the Great Plains

46. Suburbanization occurs because people want to change their lifestyle. This happens in more developed countries because they have the means to afford it.

47. Counterubranization is migration to rural areas & small towns.