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Aerobic Cell Respiration - Review

Aerobic Cell Respiration - Review. Luxi Nanthakumar, Andy Rambarack. What is it?. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6H 2 O + 6CO 2 + 36 ATP Glucose + Oxygen  Water + Carbon Dioxide Metabolic reactions to convert nutrients into energy. Why is it important?. We eat glucose

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Aerobic Cell Respiration - Review

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  1. Aerobic Cell Respiration - Review Luxi Nanthakumar, Andy Rambarack

  2. What is it? • C6H12O6 + 6O2 6H2O + 6CO2 + 36 ATP • Glucose + Oxygen  Water + Carbon Dioxide • Metabolic reactions to convert nutrients into energy

  3. Why is it important? • We eat glucose • Energy in the form of ATP is produced • Necessary for life

  4. How does it work? • When we breathe air in…

  5. We get oxygen! O2

  6. How does it work? • When we eat food…

  7. We get glucose! • C6H12O6

  8. In the cytoplasm… • 6-carbon glucose is phosphorylated using ATP which turns into ADP ADP ADP ATP ATP P P

  9. Making a 6-carbon sugar diphosphate P P

  10. Which breaks into 2 molecules

  11. We now have two 3-carbon sugar phosphate molecules!

  12. 2 NAD+ molecules come to oxidize them NADH NADH NAD+ NAD+

  13. Free phosphates are added P P

  14. 4 ADP molecules dephosphorylate the 3-carbon sugar diphosphate ADP ADP ADP ADP

  15. The phosphates break off, producing 4 ATP molecules ATP ATP ATP ATP

  16. Leaving 2 pyruvate molecules!

  17. Transition step in mitochondria • Pyruvate is oxidized by NAD+ NADH NADH NAD+ NAD+

  18. Oxygen molecules decarboxylate pyruvate, producing… O2 O2 CO2 CO2

  19. Carbon dioxide and Acetyl-CoA! Coenzyme-A transports the Acetyl-CoA to the matrix

  20. In the mitochondrial matrix • The 2-carbon chain connects to a 4-carbon molecule (oxaloacetate), making a 6-carbon chain (citrate) Coenzyme-A returns to pyruvate oxidation

  21. In the Krebs cycle • Citrate is oxidized … twice! • Producing CO2 … twice! NAD+ NADH CO2

  22. Remember it happens twice NAD+ NADH CO2

  23. ADP is phosphorylated, producing ATP ATP ADP

  24. NAD+ and FAD are reduced, producing NADH and FADH2 NAD+ NADH FAD FADH2

  25. The 4-carbon molecule rearranges itself for another cycle

  26. Krebs cycle repeats • Because there were two pyruvate molecules

  27. In the Inner Membrane of the mitochondria… • Electrons from NADH pass through 3 proteins Protein Complex II Protein Complex I Protein Complex III NADH

  28. Electrons from FADH2pass through 2 proteins Protein Complex II Protein Complex I Protein Complex III FADH2

  29. As electrons pass through, H+ ions pumped into inter-membrane space H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ Protein Complex

  30. The H+ ions return through ATP synthase H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ ATP Synthase Protein Complex

  31. ATP is produced as H+ ions pass through ATP synthase • Oxygen molecules combine with the electrons and protons to make water! H+ ATP Synthase ATP O2 H2O

  32. Remember CO2 and H2O? CO2 H2O and are products of cellular respiration They are expelled from the body as waste

  33. ATP Accounting • During glycolysis, 2 ATP molecules are used to phosphorylate glucose • Because the NADH molecules from glycolysis must enter the mitochondria from outside, it requires 1 ATP molecule each

  34. Now build your own!

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