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Byzantine Empire 6 th Century. Emperor Justinian, r. 527-565 CE Mosaic from the church of St. Vitale, Ravenna, Italy. Hagia Sophie, Istanbul c. 530 CE. The Crusades. Four Bronze Horses of St. Mark’s Basilica, Venice Pilfered from Constantinople in 1204. The Cyrillic Alphabet.
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Emperor Justinian, r. 527-565 CE Mosaic from the church of St. Vitale, Ravenna, Italy
Four Bronze Horses of St. Mark’s Basilica, Venice Pilfered from Constantinople in 1204
The Cyrillic Alphabet Saints Cyril and Methodius c. 850
Hagia Sophia in Kiev, c. 1040 Saint Basil’s in Moscow, c. 1560
Baptism of Vladimir of Kiev, 989 from a 19th century painting
Kublai Khan, 1271-1294 Travels of Marco Polo (1271-95)
Russian Expansion 1450-1905 Ivan III and Ivan IV, Grand Princes of Muscovy
Viking Expansion c. 800-1000 CE
The Investiture Controversy 1076-77 Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor and Pope Gregory VI
Those who fight Those who work Those who pray
Improvements in Medieval Agriculture • Three-field system • Padded horse collar and horse shoe • Heavy wheeled mouldboard plow
Padded horse collar Heavy wheeled mouldboard plow of the Northern Europe
Jan van Eyck, Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his Wife, 1434