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Preventing Substance Abuse

Preventing Substance Abuse. *PERCENTAGE OF STUDENTS REPORTING PAST- MONTH USE 2001 2007 2008 Any illicit drug All grades 19.4 14.8 14.6 8th grade 11.7 7.4 7.6 10th grade 22.7 16.9 15.8 12th grade 25.7 21.9 22.3 Cigarettes All grades 20.2 13.6 12.6

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Preventing Substance Abuse

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  1. Preventing Substance Abuse

  2. *PERCENTAGE OF STUDENTS REPORTING PAST- MONTH USE 200120072008 Any illicit drug All grades 19.4 14.8 14.6 8th grade 11.7 7.4 7.6 10th grade 22.7 16.9 15.8 12th grade 25.7 21.9 22.3 Cigarettes All grades 20.2 13.6 12.6 8th grade 12.2 7.1 6.8 10th grade 21.3 14.0 12.3 12th grade 29.5 21.6 20.4 Marijuana All grades 16.6 12.4 12.5 8th grade 9.2 5.7 5.8 10th grade 19.8 14.2 13.8 12th grade 22.4 18.8 19.4 Alcohol All grades 35.5 30.1 28.1 8th grade 21.5 15.9 15.9 10th grade 39.0 33.4 28.8 12th grade 49.8 44.4 43.1 ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE USE RESEARCH *NIDA NOTES, Vol 22, Number 4 www.drugabuse.gov/drugpages/MTF.html

  3. DRUGS AND THE MEDIA • Prime-Time Drug Prevention Programming • Congress approved $1 billion for anti-drug advertising at reduced rates (1997) • Struck deal to incorporate drug prevention messages in program content

  4. DEFINING GOALS AND EVALUATING OUTCOMES • The Goal Is to Educate You: • To make better personal decisions • To understand drug use by others • To participate in social decisions

  5. DEFINING GOALS AND EVALUATING OUTCOMES • The Evaluation • Should success be measured by: • Altering a person’s drug behavior? • Determining how much a person knows about drugs? • Knowledge • Perception of harm • Usage behaviors

  6. TYPES OF PREVENTION • Primary Prevention - Universal • Aimed at people who have not tried substances • Might encourage complete abstinence • Some danger of creating curiosity

  7. TYPES OF PREVENTION • Secondary Prevention - Selective • Aimed at those who have tried the drug • Urges avoiding more dangerous substances • Urges avoiding more dangerous forms of the same substance

  8. TYPES OF PREVENTION • Tertiary Prevention - Indicated • Relapse prevention • Follow-up programs

  9. TYPES OF PREVENTION What about Harm Reduction models?

  10. PREVENTION PROGRAMSIN THE SCHOOLS • The Knowledge-Attitudes-Behavior Model • Affective Education • Values clarification • Alternatives to drugs • Personal and social skills – developing interpersonal competence as buffer to drug use

  11. PREVENTION PROGRAMSIN THE SCHOOLS • Drug-Free Schools • Government sponsored program in 1986 • Did not recommend specific curriculum • Suggested school policies on drug and alcohol use • Peer Counseling • Uses respected students • These students given specialized training

  12. PREVENTION PROGRAMSIN THE SCHOOLS • Development of the Social Influence Model • Public commitment • Countering advertising • Normative education • Use of teen leaders

  13. PREVENTION PROGRAMSIN THE SCHOOLS • Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE) • Joint Los Angeles Police Department and school district • Uniformed officers took message to fifth- and sixth-graders • Expanded nationally

  14. PREVENTION PROGRAMSIN THE SCHOOLS • Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE) • Projects that work • Several programs patterned after DARE • Project ALERT • The Life Skills Training Program • ATLAS

  15. PEERS, PARENTS, AND THE COMMUNITY • Peer Programs • Peer influence • Peer participation • Parent and Family Programs • Informational programs • Parenting skills • Parent support groups • Family interaction

  16. PEERS, PARENTS, AND THE COMMUNITY • Community Programs • Traditional programs • Project STAR (Students Taught Awareness and Resistance)

  17. WHAT SHOULD WE BE DOING? • Programs and approaches that don’t work • Scare and “preachy” tactics • Simply education

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