Petroleum Engineering 406

1. Petroleum Engineering 406 Introduction

2. Introduction • Introduction to course • Class hours • Grading • Textbooks • Schedule • Introduction to Well Control

3. Introduction • Description: (3-0). Credit 3. II • Well control; underbalanced drilling; offshore drilling; horizontal, extended, reach, multi-lateral drilling; and fishing operations • Prerequisite: PETE 411 • Classes: 8:00 – 8:50 a.m. MWF • Richardson: 313

4. Introduction • Instructor: Jerome J. Schubert, PE • Office: 501K Richardson • Hours: 9:00 - 11:00 a.m. TR • Phone: 979/862-1195 • e-mail: schubert@spindletop.tamu.edu • Notes: http://pumpjack.tamu.edu/~schubert

5. Grading • QuizA: 20% • Quiz B: 20% • Final: 20% • Hmwk: 20% • Project: 20%

6. Textbooks • Applied Drilling Engineering • Bourgoyne, Chenevert, Millheim, Young • Well Control Manual • Schubert • Handouts, Technical papers, etc.

7. Course Content • Well Control • Kicks • Blowouts • Terminology • Basic Well Control Calculations • Causes of Kicks • Kick Detection • Shut-In Procedures

8. Course Content • Well Kill Procedures • Equivalent Mud Weights • Casing Seat Tests • Kick Tolerances • Gas Kicks • Abnormal Pressure • Casing Seat Selection

9. Course Content • Well Control Equipment • Unusual Well Control Operations • Shallow Gas • Subsea Well Control

10. Course Content • Underbalanced Drilling, UBD • Introduciton to UBD • UBD techniques • Benefits • Equipment • Selecting candidates • UBD engineering

11. Course Content • Offshore Drilling • Platform Rigs • Jackup rigs • Floating Drilling

12. Course Content • Dual Gradient Drilling • Introduction to DGD • U-tube concepts • Pressure profiles • DGD well control

13. Petroleum Engineering 406 Lesson 1 Well Control

14. Well Control • Kick • “an unscheduled entry of formation fluids into the wellbore, of sufficient Quantity to require shutting in the well. • Blowout • Loss of control of a kick

15. Blowout

16. Blowouts

17. Well Control • Blowout • Surface • Underground • Blowouts caused by • equipment failure • human error

18. Well Control • Engineers in office can aid in well control by: • Provide pressure profiles for all pending wells • Provide offset information such as logs, bit records, mud reports, drilling records. • Provide support and assistance personnel on location.

19. Well Control Terminology • Hydrostatic pressure = .052 x MW x TVD

20. Hydrostatic Pressure • Derive HSP equation • Calculate the HSP for each of the following: • 10,000’ of 12.0 ppg mud • 12,000’ of 10.5 ppg mud • 5,000’ of 11.2 ppg mud on top of 6,000’ of 16.5 ppg mud

21. Hydrostatic Pressure A • Derive HSP equation • Area = A, sq.ft. • Height = h, ft. • Density = MW, ppg • Weight of fluid = • A*h (ft3)*62.4 lb/ ft3 *MW/8.33 • =62.4/8.33*MW*A*h h MW

22. Hydrostatic Pressure • This weight is equally distributed over an area of A sq.ft or 144*A sq. in. • Pressure = Weight (force)/area • = 62.4*MW*A*h • 8.33*144*A • P=.052*MW*h where h=TVD

23. Terminology • Pressure Gradient • psi/ft = .052 x MW • ppg equivalent • Formation Pressure • Normal pressure • Abnormal pressure • Subnormal pressure

24. Terminology • Overburden pressure • function of rock and fluid above zone of interest • Fracture pressure

25. Terminology • Pump pressure or system pressure loss

26. Terminology • Slow Pump Pressure • Taken: • every tour by each driller • pumps repaired or liners changed • mud properties change • every 500’ of hole • change in BHA • bit nozzles changed

27. Terminology • Surge pressure • Swab pressure

28. Terminology • Shut-in drillpipe pressure - SIDPP • FP = HSPdp + SIDPP • Shut-in casing pressure - SICP • FP = HSPcsg mud + HSPinflux + SICP • Bottom-hole pressure - BHP • BHP = HSP + SIP + Friction + Surge - Swab

29. U-Tube Concept

30. Basic Calculations • Dia, in - cap, bbl/ft

31. Basic Calculations • Pump Output • Duplex Pump • Triplex Pump

32. Basic Calculations

33. Basic Calculations • Kill Weight Mud • KWM = SIDPP/(0.052 x TVD) + OWM • KWM = FP/(0.052 x TVD)

34. Weight material to add to increase density