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Petroleum Engineering 406

Read. Well Control ManualChapter 7-8Homework 2 Due Jan. 30, 2001. Content. Equivalent Mud Weights - EMWCasing Seat TestsKick ToleranceDifferences in Kick TypesReaction of Gas in the Wellbore. Equivalent Mud Weight. EMW - the total pressure exerted at a given depth expressed in ppg equivalentEMW = Surf. Press./(0.052*TVDint) MWorEMW = Total Press. /(0.052*TVDint).

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Petroleum Engineering 406

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    1. Petroleum Engineering 406 Lesson 3 Well Control

    2. Read Well Control Manual Chapter 7-8 Homework 2 Due Jan. 30, 2001

    3. Content Equivalent Mud Weights - EMW Casing Seat Tests Kick Tolerance Differences in Kick Types Reaction of Gas in the Wellbore

    4. Equivalent Mud Weight EMW - the total pressure exerted at a given depth expressed in ppg equivalent EMW = Surf. Press./(0.052*TVDint)+MW or EMW = Total Press. /(0.052*TVDint)

    5. Equivalent Mud Weight Examples: KWM ECD - Equivalent Circulating Density ECD = Ann. Fric./(0.052*TVD)+OWM Frac gradient Pore pressure, etc

    6. Casing Seat Tests We test casing seats to: Determine max pressure that formation can withstand Determine if we have a good cement job

    7. Casing Seat Tests LOT - Leak-Off Test Measure the fracture pressure at casing seat or, Maximum pressure the formation can withstand prior to fracture

    8. Casing Seat Tests PIT - Pressure Integrity Test (FIT) Determine if the casing seat can withstand a pre-determined pressure Test Pressure = (EMW-MW)*0.052*TVDcasing seat

    9. Kick Tolerance Maximum Casing Pressure - MCP Maximum Allowable Annular Surface Pressure - MAASP, MASP Maximum Casing pressure that the formation can withstand prior to fracture = (EMW-MW)*0.052*TVDcasing seat

    10. Kick Tolerance Maximum ppg kick - Maximum mud weight increase on a kick prior to formation fracture =(EMW-MW)*TVDshoe/TVDwell Assumes zero pit gain

    11. Kick Tolerance Maximum Kick Volume

    12. Kick Types Gas Kicks Rapid expansion as gas circulated through choke Mud gas separators and flare lines used Gas migration problems Higher SICP than others

    13. Kick Types Gas Kicks, cont. Barite settling in OB mud Solubility of gas masks kick indicators Flammability of gas Slugging of gas at choke

    14. Kick Types Oil Kicks Flammable but not as explosive as gas Density greater than gas-lower SICP Very little expansion as kick reaches surface But, there is almost always some gas present

    15. Kick Types Water kicks not flammable very little expansion lower SICP than gas or oil But, there is still usually some gas present.

    16. Kick Types Prediction kick types Density of gas =1-2 ppg Density of oil = 6-8 ppg Density of salt water =8.6-9.0 ppg

    17. Drillers Method Pressure at Top of Kick-Px

    18. Drillers Method Surface Casing Pressure - CP CP=Px-0.052*MW*x Pressure at casing seat - Pseat Pseat=CP+0.052*MW*Dseat where the bubble is below the casing seat Pseat=PB-0.052*MW*(D-Dseat) where the bubble is above the casing seat

    19. Wait & Weight Method Pressure at Top of Kick-Px

    20. Wait & Weight Method Surface Casing Pressure - CP CP=Px-0.052*MW*x Pressure at casing seat - Pseat Pseat=CP+0.052*MW*Dseat where the bubble is below the casing seat Pseat=PB-(0.052*MW*D’) -[0.052*MW1*(D-D’-DSEAT)] where the bubble is above the casing seat

    21. Nomenclature

    22. Examples

    23. Surface Casing Pressure

    24. Ann. Press @ Various Depths

    25. Reaction of Gas in a Wellbore Boyle’s Law PV=constant Charles’ Law V/T=constant Avagadro’s Law PV=nRT Real Gas Law PV=ZnRT PV/ZT = nR P1*V1 = P2*V2 Z1*T1 Z2*T2 V2 = P1*V1*Z2*T2 P2*Z1*T1

    26. Reaction of Gas in a Wellbore Circulating gas from wellbore Given: Depth =16,000’ BHT =300oF BHP =12480 psi MW =15.0 ppg Surf. Temp =140oF Drilled up 1 cu.ft. of gas

    27. Reaction of Gas in Wellbore

    28. Reaction of Gas in Wellbore

    29. Gas Migration

    30. Gas Migration

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