Truman vs Stalin Objectives

1. Truman vs Stalin Objectives • Day 123+124 SWBAT… • Analyze the ESP effects of the Cold War on Europe • Judge the victors and losers in the Berlin Crisis • Analyze the effects of the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan on Europe during the Cold War

3. Think of their battle as a Ping Pong Match

4. 1. Winning Over Europe • Battered & Bruised after WWII • USA & USSR will both want to sell their econ/polsystems

5. 1. Stalin installs Comm Govs in Eastern Europe c. Why does Stalin want this? 

6. Eastern Europe falls from 1946-1948 • Albania 1944 • Bulgaria 1946 • Romania + Poland 1947 • Czech 1948 • Hungary 1949 • How did Stalin do it? • Free Elections? • Not really • Some countries forced to become Commie

7. “An Iron Curtain” • Winston Churchill makes a speech in the USA in 1946 • From…the Baltic to…the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of central and eastern Europe.” • Iron Curtain created and run by the Soviet Union • These countries aligned with USSR • Soviet Sphere • Satellite countries

8. The Iron Curtain ??

11. Soviet Bloc  What is  happening here?

12. Greece & Turkey attacked by Commie rebels • Stalin giving rebels $$ aid (chessboard analogy!!!) • Great Britain too broke to defend Greece • Tells USA what?  USA uses 3 strategies

13. Strategy #1 Truman Doctrine • “USA will support free peoples in the world resisting takeovers from armed minorities” • $400 million in aid to Greece and Turkey • Philosophy/Strategy in the Truman Doctrine = #3:Containment • Keep Communism contained in areas where it only exists currently • Don’t let it spread • Patience…eventually Communism will destroy itself • Stalin viewed it as encirclement • Chessboard!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

14. Chess Board Analogy

15. Strategy #2 = Marshall Plan • Europe is battered and in poverty...perfect for…(?) • To strengthen Democratic countries, they need USA aid (USA product) • USA will give food and economic aid to any European country who wants it to rebuild • $Billions used to help Europe recover • Do you offer aid to USSR and Stalin’s satellite countries? • YES!!! Why? • Stalin refuses aid for his sphere

19. Why is this cartoon so good?

20. 1st Berlin Crisis – 1948 What has Stalin been doing over here?  • When was Germany divided like this  • Denazification… • USA, France, GB act first… • Unify their western German Zone and West Berlin • Stalin’s view? • Those three are teaming up to get me!

21. West & East Germany Made Berlin 

22. The Map shows a big problem for the USA • Berlin split in half too • and all of it is in EAST GERMANY • West Berlin surrounded by Communism

23. b. Stalin responds… Blockade of West Berlin • No rail or road transportation in and/or out of West Berlin • Goal? • Take it over and make it all communist • How can Harry respond?

28. c. Truman Responds • Airlift • Food & supplies brought • Public Perception of USA & USSR? …? • USSR ends blockade • Cold War characteristics being shown (?)

29. #4 Alliances • 1949 NATO created • North Atlantic Treaty Organization • 11 Western nations • Defensive military alliance • Attack on one is an attack on all

30. 1955 Warsaw Pact • Response to NATO • USSR and its satellite nations • All Eastern Europe vow to protect USSR

31. The Two Spheres are Formally Set

32. #5 Arms Race Heats Up

33. Lots ofTesting • 1945-1962, USA tested over 300 atmospheric nuclear tests above ground, in the ocean or in space • What happens in 1962? • Atomic Cafe

34. Hydrogen Bomb

35. Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands…July 1946

36. 1945 = USA debuts a-bomb to world • 1949 = USSR shows it has caught up • Both ↑ in Arms Race (effects?) • Both spend $$$$$$$$ • Missiles, Subs, ?? • Europe? • Fear and terror of nuclear war • Order created too (MAD) AKA Mutual deterrence • Continent Split