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Dan Childs Medical News

Research in Support of using Mineral Elements to Suppress Microbes Bud Harmon Brookside Agra O ’ Fallon IL USA Professor Emeritus Department of Animal Sciences Purdue University. Dan Childs Medical News.

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Dan Childs Medical News

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  1. Research in Support of using Mineral Elements to Suppress MicrobesBud Harmon Brookside Agra O’Fallon IL USA Professor Emeritus Department of Animal Sciences Purdue University

  2. Dan Childs Medical News Hospitals in US report that 2 million people get sick annually from diseases contracted from going to hospitals and100,000 die from these infections each year. CDC, 2011

  3. Similarity in Maintaining Biosecurity and Suppressing Microbial Populations in Food-Animal Production Units and Hospitals. ● Rooms in hospitals and food-animal production facilities are periodically cleaned and disinfected, which greatly reduces microbial populations at that instant ● Rooms must be vacated of humans and animals for 24 hours after disinfecting for safety (most disinfectants are carcinogenic) until disinfectant decomposes. Most disinfectants are worthless within 24 hours of use ● When humans enter hospital rooms and sows enter farrowing units, microbial counts increase and disease virulence builds. Most serious disease vectors are humans in hospitals and sows in farrowing units. ● Need a prophylactic that continues to suppress microbes for extended periods and is safe. Selected trace minerals provides such protection. Mineral elements do not break down. ● Culmination of research to minimize nosocomial diseases of humans within hospitals and minimize diseases of food-producing animals is done with programmed use of selected mineral elements. ● Hospitals are methodically installing copper, zinc and iron surfaces that have excellent microbial inhibiting power, to replace attractive stainless steel that is worthless in eliminating microbes ● In food-animal production, programmed dusting (i.e. weekly) all surfaces with copper, zinc, and iron provides the same sustained suppression of microbes

  4. Purpose of Disrupt Environmental Prophylactic Contains trace elements that continuously reduce microbial levels throughout farrowing and nursery Research that developed Disrupt paralleled research conducted by medical and hospital scientists to reduce nosocomial diseases (fancy term for diseases contracted from going to hospitals) Our research and hospital research concentrated on using trace mineral elements to inhibit organisms from viruses through bacteria, molds/fungi and larval stages of insects and parasites.

  5. Two Important Research Journals: Journal of Hospital Infections Journal of Applied and Environmental Microbiology Many trace mineral elements have been investigated but copper, zinc and iron are by far the most effective We have focused on the same trace elements: Cu, Fe, and Zn We have developed an extensive library of research demonstrating efficacy of each of the 3 elements Examples of our research and hospital research against a broad spectrum of microbes

  6. Moran et.al. 2010

  7. Antimicrobial Efficacy of Zinc Oxide Against Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis, and Escherichia coli 0157:H7 Listeria Salmonella E. coli Length of Culture, hrs 168 168 48 Level of ZnO, mg/ml 0.28 1.12 0.28 1.12 3.2 cfu/ml Log10Reduction 4.2 5.8 4.1 6.1 6.0 ______________________________________________ T. Jin et.al. 2009

  8. Antimicrobial effects of Zinc and Copper ions on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, (gram negative), Staphylococcus aureus (gram positive), Candida albicans (fungus) Minimum lethal concentrations after 48 hour at 37°incubation for zinc and copperagainst 3 pathogenic micro-organisms. Minimum Lethal Concentrations x 10mcg/dm-3 Metal ionsZinc Copper Microorganism Pseudomonas Aeruginosa 1916 36 Staphylococcus aureus 9 8 Candidia albicans 39 26 Zeelie, J.J. and McCarthy, T.J. 1997 (Example of organism that responds differently to different element)

  9. Antiviral Effect of Iron and CopperQuotes by Author at FDA ● “Both iron and copper ions were able to inactivate Junin virus comparable to the activity of recommended disinfectants: formaldehyde, peroxide, and chlorine” Sagripanti US FDA 1992 ● “Ferric and cupric ions were able to inactivate 5 single or double stranded DNA or RNA viruses. At least 99% inactivation of all 5 viruses was obtained with 1 g/liter of either ferric or cupric ions” Sagripanti US FDA 1993 ● HIV-1 virus was inactivated by either ferric or cupric ions when the virus was free in solution and also 3 hours after cell infection Sagripanti US FDA 1996 ● Sagripanti was studying viral laboratory management and did not pursue potential broad spectrum disinfectant application

  10. Copper Effective at Inactivating H1N1 Virus H1N1 Virus was Incubated on Copper or Stainless Plates Stainless Steel Plates After 24 hours, there were still 500,000infectious particles Copper Plates After 1 hour, 75 % of virus was eradicated After 6 hours, only 500 particles remained active. Keevil, Wm 2009

  11. Copper Effective at Inactivating Adenovirus Virus Adenovirus was Incubated on plates: Copper Stainless Steel Initial Virus Particle Number 2,000,000 2,000,000 After 1 hour 500,000 After 6 hours 500 1,000,000 After 24 hours 0 500,000 Noyce, J.O., H. Michels, and C.W. Keevil, 2007. Inactivation of influenza A virus on copper versus stainless steel. J Applied Environ Microbial Vol 73:2748. H1N1 virus titer decreased by 4 log on the copper surface within 6 hours. 75% of adenovirus particles were inactivated on copper (C11000) within 1 hour. Within six hours, 99.999% of the adenovirus particles were inactivated. Within six hours, 50% of the infectious adenovirus particles survived on stainless steel.

  12. Keevil et al. 2005

  13. Moran et al. 2010

  14. Antimicrobial Effects of Stainless Steel andCopper Alloys on Escherichia coli 0157 Surface Stainless SteelCopper Brass Temperature: 20 degrees C* Survival 34 days 4 hours 4 days Temperature: 4 degrees C** Survival “Months” 14 hours 12 days * Room Temp, ** Refrigerator Temp. Keevil, C.W., Walker,J.T., and Maule, A.,2000

  15. Quotation by C. W. Keevil Southhampton University, UK ●Lead Scientist in research to Determine Efficacy of Mineral Elements antiseptic against Microorganisms. ●Has confirmed efficacy of Fe, Zn, and Cu Quote: "We've already shown that copper surfaces can inactivate MRSA microbes. The fact that we've now established that copper also inactivates Clostridium difficile spores, which are resistant to standard cleaning regimes, doubles our conviction that copper can play significant role in killing those bacteria that cause hospital infections." June 3, 2008

  16. Viability of Clostridium difficile on Copper Alloys and Stainless Steel at 22°C Keevil et al. Stainless Steel Against Clostridium difficile Cu alloys Keevil et al

  17. 100 gm samples of meat placed on copper plate for 0 thru 50 minutes Faundez, G. et.al., 2004

  18. Aerobes (cfu) on Cu items compared with controls in hospital Casey et.al 2010, Birmingham, UK 10 toilets in study Samples Collected each Friday

  19. Press Release, Brussels, Belgium. 1/12/2010 • Irish hospital is first in world to embrace latest science by specifying hygienic copper door handles throughoutIrish Hospital. ·First to harness Copper Technology to Fight Infections in a bid to reduce healthcare associated infections such as MRSA, providing best possible protection to patients. • St Francis Private Hospital, a 140-bed facility located in Mullingar, County Westmeath, made decision after examining compelling evidence from clinical trial at Selly Oak Hospital, Birmingham, which showed that copper surfaces such as taps, toilet seats and door push plates can reduce microbial contamination by 90-100%. • A total of 250 door handles will be replaced at St Francis Private Hospital.

  20. First Hospital in France Installs Antimicrobial Copper Touch Surfaces to Combat Nosocomial Diseases October 7, 2011Press Clipping The Centre hospitalier de Rambouillet, in Parisian region, is first hospital in France to install antimicrobial copper touch surfaces to fight pathogens and reduce risk of healthcare-associated infections for its patients. Bed rails, trolleys, taps, handrails, door handles and push plates made of copper and copper alloys have been fitted in the intensive care and pediatric units. Antimicrobial copper touch surfaces are proven capable of continuously eliminating bacteria, viruses and fungi – including MRSA, C. difficile and Influenza A – 24/7, from clinical environments. Now add St Lukes Hospital in St Louis MO to the list (In Progress)

  21. Action by US Environmental Protection Agency U.S. EPA approved registration of antimicrobial copper alloys, with public health claims acknowledging that copper, brass and bronze are capable of killing harmful, potentially deadly bacteria. Bacteria listed in EPA registration: Staphylococcus aureus Enterobacter aerogenes Escherichia coli O157:H7 Pseudomonas aeruginosa Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), (one of most virulent strains of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and common cause of hospital- and community-acquired infections) EPA has developed a list of 300 items in health care facilities that can be registered when made of copper alloys. (From ash trays to ceiling tile)

  22. Copper Hospital Equipment

  23. Other buildings and people gathering sites where equipment is approved by EPA for antimicrobial claims Public community facilities, including commercial buildings Residential buildings Mass transit facilities (China has used in subways, buses and trains for 3 years) Other approved sites: Gymnasiums, swimming pools, and Athletic clubs Outdoor play area equipment Public restrooms ??? Interesting some area not listed by EPA Food processing plants. Animal packing plants Meat processing plants Egg processing plants Dairy processing plants Bakeries Groceries Fresh fruit and vegetable processing plants Restaurants

  24. Cfu/g 1,000’s weeks

  25. Disrupt

  26. Disrupt Action on Individual Bacteria Species Studies on : Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus and epidermidis Streptococcus pyogenes, faecalis, and mutans Salmonella typhimurium and choleraesuis Salmonella enteritidis Disrupt inhibited at least 99.999% of each of these bacteria Clostridium difficile and perfringens (spore formers) Disrupt inhibited 99.995% of each of these bacteria Applied at same level as used in food animal production units (1 lb per 100 sq ft of surface) By NPAL Labs in 2009 and 2010

  27. Inhibition of Individual Bacterial Species with Dry Mineral BasedProphylactic Powder, DISRUPT Control Disrupt at Log 10 Inhibition Prophylactic Level 0 1 lb/100 ft2 Reduction % Escherichia coli, cfu/ml 1.9 x 109 <100 7.24 99.9999 Staphylococcus spp*, cfu/ml 5.1 x 108 460 6.05 99.999 Streptococcus spp*, cfu/ml 5.6 x 108 <100 7.76 99.999 Salmonella spp*, cfu/ml 6.6 x 108 2,000 5.52 99.999 Salmonella enteritidis, cfu/ml 5.4 x 109 120 7.65 99.99999 Clostridium spp*, cfu/ml 2.2 x 108 1 x 104 4.35 99.995 *Staphylococcus spp: aureus and epidermidis; *Streptococcus spp; pyogenes, faecalis, and mutans; *Salmonella spp: typhimurium, choleraesuis, and enteritidis *Clostridium spp: difficile and perfringens NPAL Analytical Laboratories St Louis, MO. 2009 Disrupt Produced by Brookside-Agra, O’Fallon, IL .

  28. Inhibition of Escherichia coli Growth with Dry Mineral Based Prophylactic Powder DISRUPT Control Disrupt Log 10 Prophylactic Level 0 1 lb/100 sq ft Reduction ________________________________________________________________ Escherichia coli, cfu/ml 1.9 x 109 <1007.24 Inhibition of 99.9999% ___________________________________________________NPAL Analytical Laboratories St Louis, MO. USA 2009 Disrupt Produced by Brookside-Agra, O’Fallon, IL . USA

  29. Inhibition of Staphylococcus species* Growth with Dry Mineral Mineral Based Prophylactic Powder DISRUPT Control Disrupt Log 10 Prophylactic Level 0 1 lb/100 sq ft Reduction ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Staphylococcus spp*, cfu/ml 5.1 x 108 460 6.05 Inhibition of 99.999% _____________________________________________________________ NPAL Analytical Laboratories St Louis, MO. USA 2009 *Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis Disrupt Produced by Brookside-Agra, O’Fallon , IL . USA

  30. Inhibition of Streptococcus species* Growth with Dry Mineral Based Prophylactic Powder DISRUPT Control Disrupt at Log 10 Prophylactic Level 0 1 lb/100 sq ft Reduction ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Streptococcus spp*, cfu/ml 5.6 x 108 <100 7.76Inhibition of 99.999% ____________________________________________________________ NPAL Analytical Laboratories St Louis, MO. US 2009 *Streptococcus spp; pyogenes, faecalis, and mutans Disrupt Produced by Brookside-Agra, O’Fallon, IL . USA

  31. Inhibition of Salmonella species* Growth with Dry Mineral Based Prophylactic powder DISRUPT Control Disrupt at Log 10 Prophylactic Level 0 1 lb/100 sq ft Reduction ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Salmonella spp*, cfu/ml 6.6 x 108 2,000 5.52 Inhibition of 99.999% ___________________________________________________________ NPAL Analytical Laboratories St Louis, MO. US 2009 *Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella choleraesuis Disrupt Prophylactic Produced by Brookside-Agra, O’Fallon, IL

  32. Inhibition of Salmonella enteritidisGrowth with Dry Mineral Based Prophylactic Powder DISRUPT Control Disrupt at Log 10 Prophylactic Level 0 1 lb/100 sq ft Reduction ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Salmonella enteritidis, cfu/ml 5.4x109 120 7.65 Inhibition of 99.99999% ___________________________________________________________ NPAL Analytical Laboratories St Louis, MO. US 2009 Disrupt Prophylactic Produced by Brookside-Agra, O’Fallon, IL

  33. Inhibition of Clostridium species* Growth with Dry Mineral based Prophylactic powder DISRUPT Control Disrupt at Log 10 Prophylactic Level 0 1 lb/100 sq ft Reduction __________________________________________________________________________________________ Clostridium spp*, cfu/ml 2.2 x 108 1 x 104 4.35 Inhibition of 99.9954% ___________________________________________________________ NPAL Analytical Laboratories St Louis, MO. US 2009 *Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens Disrupt Prophylactic Produced by Brookside-Agra, O’Fallon, IL

  34. On Farm Study Swine Farm in Michigan with 5,000 SowsProduction Problems in Farrowing House 1. High incidence of Greasy Pig Disease (Attributed to Staphylococcus hyicus) 2. High Incidence of Arthritis – Joint Infection (Attributed to Streptococcus suis) 3. Incidence of Umbilical Hernias

  35. Initiated Programmed Spraying of Disrupt Dry Mineral Prophylactic (50 gm/sq/m) Weekly in Farrowing Rooms● All 3 diseases stopped In first farrowing group Greasy pig disease and Arthritis were no longer diagnosed and umbilical hernias were reduced ● After second farrowing group, with no evidence of the infectious diseases, spraying of Disrupt was terminated, and in first farrowing all 3 infectious conditions reappeared● Spraying of Disrupt was reinstated and disease conditions stopped in all subsequent farrowings ● With programmed dusting, umbilical hernias were greatly reduced.

  36. Effect of Prophylactic Powder on Number of Alphitobius on Turkey Fecal matter Weeks NonTreated Controls Qvist Labs Euro data Prophylactic Powder Treated

  37. Effects of prophylactic powder on Ascarid galli worm count in intestines of 25 chickens sacrificed from each treatment Treatment Control Disrupt Powder Total adult Ascarid count from 25 birds 133 2 Permin & Schou ____________________________________________________ In another study, they concluded the life cycle of Ascarids is broken by prophylactic powder in larvae stage Euro data

  38. Effect of Prophylactic Powder on Fly Larvae in Manure in Calf Production Unit Day of TestLive larvae per 10 cm2 Start of test 200 1. day 1802. day 40 3. day 0 4. day 05. day 26. day 07. day 08. day 09. day 010. day 011. day 0 Larvae in contact with Prophylactic Powder die, and so do newly hatched flies Prophylactic powder sprayed at 50 gms per sq meter. (1 lb/100 sq ft.) Qvist Labs European data.

  39. Standard Use Practices of Disrupt in Animal Production and Processing Quarters ● Spray (Blow) with 240 mph leaf blowers or fans at rate of l lb per 100 sq ft ● Spray (Blow) to apply to every surface including the animals ● Disrupt at 50 micron particle size will settle to surfaces in 12 to 15 minutes ● Secure exhaust fans when spraying ● Spray (Blow) weekly to refresh the thin film of Disrupt on equipment, belts. pens, floors, walls, ceilings, and animals. ● Use dust mask and goggles to avoid drying out mouth, eyes and nose Disrupt Use Budget ● Sows in Farrowing: day 1 after sows enter, then day 7 and 14 ● Pigs in Nursery: day 1 after pigs enter, then weekly thereafter For 10 pig litter: Farro: .15 lb/ pig; Nurs: .14 lb/pig = (total .29 lb /Pig) Cost of Disrupt per pig .29 lb x $.45 per lb = $0.13 per pig

  40. Leaf Blower Feeds into large Fan Discharge • Work Horse for spraying in Poultry Units - 48 inch fan Pickup

  41. Environmental Benefits When Using All-Natural Dry Mineral Prophylactic DISRUPT●Effective spraying of Disrupt Dry Mineral Prophylactic is 1 lb per 100 sq ft (50 g/sq m) sprayed weekly ● Carrier for active ingredients needs to be excellent desiccant, excellent absorbent of ammonia and other odorous materials, and not a problem for the environment. ●Carrier for Disrupt is heat treated and processed Montmorillonite clay. Final Product is named Calcine● Clay is heated to 1400o F to create Calcine,.increases porosity by as much as 49%;

  42. Physical Properties of Typical Calcined Montmorillonite • Surface Area • 98 m2/g; 1055 ft2g Hg Pore Volume 0.415 cc/g Bulk Density 618 Kg / m3

  43. Ammonia Control in Layer Facilities ● Extremely effective in long term manure cone build up in layer units ● With programmed weekly spraying of Disrupt, excellent control of ammonia ● Ammonia values that exceeded 25 ppm above the cone reduce to less than 5 ppm ● At the chicken level the ammonia is even lower. ● With weekly spraying the ammonia is converted and trapped within the cone (Ammonia is bound as NH4 or Nitrate) ● Manure typically builds at about ¾ inch per week ● Nitrogen level in the manure has increased. Manure nitrogen guarantees have been increased (2 to 3 % increase of nitrogen in manure) ● Air quality for layers and staff is greatly improved ● Ammonia exiting exhaust fans has been reduced to less than 5 ppm ● Concern for ammonia being carried away in water to creeks is greatly reduced

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