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GAP Toolkit 5 Training in basic drug abuse data management and analysis. Training session 6 Coding open questions. Objectives. To distinguish between the coding of open and closed questions To establish a set of practical coding rules for open questions
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GAP Toolkit 5Training in basic drug abuse data management and analysis Training session 6 Codingopen questions
Objectives • To distinguish between the coding of open and closed questions • To establish a set of practical coding rules for open questions • To describe standard coding schemes, including those used in the Annual Reports Questionnaire
Open questions • The set of all possible answers is unknown • Post-coding at some level is required
Example • “Please use the space below to document any other developments in prevalence and patterns of drug abuse in your country over the past year.” (Annual Reports Questionnaire: Summary expert opinions, p. 14.)
Examples • Primary drug of use (specify):……………………………….. • Other (specify): ………………………………..
Coding approaches • Anticipate as many of the responses as possible and pre-code the question as a list with an Other category • Where no pre-coding has occurred, establish a list of categories by: • Sampling a percentage of the completed questionnaires, or • Using an alphanumeric variable in SPSS and the frequency command
Level of detail • Maintain the highest level of detail possible • Recode when the analysis requires it
Standard coding schemes • Benefits: • Comparability • Ease • Annual Reports Questionnaire coding schemes
Definition of data elements • Drug categories • Age categories • Time periods • Modes of ingestion
Drug classes and types • Drug classes provide categories for a range of drug types • Types are a subset of classes
Cannabis-type Opioids Cocaine-type Amphetamine-type Sedatives and tranquillizers Hallucinogens Solvents and inhalants Other drugs Drug classes
Marijuana Hashish Heroin Opium Other opioids Cocaine powder Crack cocaine Other cocaine Amphetamine Methamphetamine Ecstasy-type Barbiturates Benzodiazepines LSD Other hallucinogens Solvents and inhalers Other drugs Drug types
Time periods • Lifetime • Annual • Current • Daily
Mode of ingestion • Oral consumption • Eating • Drinking • Swallowing • Sniffing and snorting • Smoking or inhaling sublimate • Injection
Summary • Open questions • Anticipate and pre-code with an Other category • Let the data decide, post-code • Standard coding categories • Drug types and classes • Age groups • Time periods • Mode of ingestion