ENGLAND AND NEW WORLD COLONIZATION

1. ENGLAND AND NEW WORLD COLONIZATION Plymouth & Jamestown

2. ENGLAND AND NEW WORLD COLONIZATION Do Now: Write a response to the following question: Did Columbus truly discover America? (Your response should be 3-4 sentences) Historians no longer use the word “discovery” to describe the European exploration, conquest, and colonization of a hemisphere already home to millions of people.

3. Pope Paul III • 1537: Pope Paul III, who hoped to see Indians become devout subjects of Catholic monarchs, outlawed their enslavement (an edict never extended to apply to Africans). • His edict declared Indians to be “truly men” who must not be “treated as dumb beasts.”

4. Adam Smith • “The discovery of America,” the British writer Adam Smith announced in his celebrated book The Wealth of Nations, was one of “the two greatest and most important events recorded in the history of mankind.”

5. The Road to Colonization • By the late 16th century, anti-Catholicism had become deeply ingrained in English popular culture. • Reports of the atrocities of Spanish rule were widely circulated. • The idea that the empire of Catholic Spain was murderous and tyrannical enabled the English to describe their own imperial ambitions in the language of freedom.

6. Road to Colonization Europe became heavily invested in settling “The New World” because of its vast wealth of . . . Natural resources including gold and silver. Most monarchies saw more potential in the New World than the old trade routes dominated by Italians, Portuguese, and Asian Powers. The 4 main countries to take an interest in the New World were Spain, Portugal, France, and England

7. 1584: In A Discourse Concerning Western Planting, scholar Richard Hakluyt listed twenty-three reasons why Elizabeth I should support the establishment of colonies.

8. Equally important, America could be a refuge for England’s “surplus” population, benefiting the mother country and emigrates. • The late 16th century was a time of crisis for England, with economic growth unable to keep pace with the needs of a population that grew from 3 million in 1550 to about 4 million in 1600.

9. Massachusetts Plymouth Colony • 100 People ventured • Were blown off course (or poor navigation) and landed at Plymouth Rock • The Pilgrims stepped ashore on December 21, 1620. They landed at Plymouth Harbor. The spot is marked by a rock called “The Plymouth Rock.”

10. Massachusetts Plymouth Colony • Many of the “strangers” wanted to continue on as planned to Virginia • Some “strangers” argued that, since the Cape Cod area was outside of the jurisdiction of the Virginia Company, its rules and regulations no longer applied

11. The Mayflower Compact • The first record of self-government in America is actually derived from necessity • The Pilgrims and “Strangers” make a written agreement to make and obey laws • The compact was signed by nearly all of the adult male passengers • The opening line of the Compact refers to the passengers as “loyal subjects” of the king

12. Thanksgiving or Thanks-taking?

13. Puritan Life • Strict rules governed Massachusetts according to Puritan law • Citizens expected to attend church weekly • Pay taxes to support the church • Belief was that if one citizen turned against god, the entire colony was lost • Government and Church were closely linked • Dissenters were expelled often establishing new towns or colonies

14. Massachusetts • Success of Plymouth inspired other Puritans to move • Massachusetts Bay Company: • Establish Massachusetts Colony • 1630: John Winthrop: 11 ships / 700 colonists • Established Boston, Salem, Watertown, Concord, and many others • Great Migration: 1620-1643 • 20,000 English move to “New England”

15. The English in VirginiaJamestown • Colony was led by John Smith • English Settlers: • Upper-middle class gentlemen not used to manual labor • 1608: Group 2 arrives from England • By this time only 38/100 still alive • John Smith: Savior of Jamestown (leader in 1608) • Traded goods with N.A. Pocahontas story is real (but not Disney real) • Led raids against other natives to steal food • Imposed military rule in colony • “Those who don’t work, don’t eat”

16. The English in Virginia Jamestown • Tobacco: • Seeds Stolen from Spanish merchants (John Rolfe) • Tobacco made the colony Profitable and sustainable • Could trade tobacco for food, etc

17. The English in Virginia Jamestown • Virginia was unprofitable – King revokes the charter and makes it a “Royal Colony” • Owned by the crown and pays taxes to the crown • The Headright System: 50 acre grants to anyone who travels to Virginia and settles • 50 more acres if you complete certain tasks or bring family (or slaves) with you • Drove many English to move to America

18. Virginia—establishment of a political system • The House of Burgesses • July 1619: All settlements in Virginia meet via representatives • Had the power to tax, make laws with approval by Royal Governor • Americas first taste of democracy Did You Know: The Iroquois League has a similar system to the H.O.B. many historians believe that the colonists borrowed the idea from the Iroquois

19. VirginiaColonial Workers • Indentured Servants: hired English people who worked a # of years. The employer would grant food, shelter, and passage to America. • At the end of the term Servants were supposed to receive a small piece of land • Some indentured servants became successful, most did not receive land and joined a growing group of unemployed in America

20. VirginiaColonial Workers • 1619: Dutch Ship trades the first African slaves to Jamestown • Indentured servants declines & slaves became popular…Why? 1.Servants had rights as English, slaves did not 2. Slaves could not run away like servants or N.A. 3. No pay, land grants, or freedom for slaves 4. If escaped, could not blend into population 5. Slaves less likely to rebel