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Analysis of Causes of Death in South Africa (1997-2001): Trends, Patterns, and Implications

This presentation outlines the recorded causes of death in South Africa from 1997 to 2001, highlighting key findings, leading causes, differentials by gender, age, and population group. It discusses the changing importance of underlying causes of death, focusing on emerging trends such as HIV, TB, and influenza, and their implications for policy.

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Analysis of Causes of Death in South Africa (1997-2001): Trends, Patterns, and Implications

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  1. Causes of Death in South Africa 1997-2001 Advance release of recorded causes of death Launch Presentation 21 November 2002

  2. Outline of presentation • Introduction • Data & methods • Key findings • Leading causes of death (levels and trends) • Differentials (gender, age, population group) • Conclusion

  3. Introduction • Last report on causes of death was for 1996 • Statistics SA published release on recorded deaths • Based on data from Population Register • For the period 1997 to 2000 • Release observed rising number of deaths • Did not identify the causes contributing to increase • Call from President for information on causes of death among South Africans

  4. Aims of the present study • Complement the earlier reports • Identify leading underlying causes of death for period 1997-2001 • Identify emerging cause of death trends & patterns during the period

  5. Data & methods • Based on 12% stratified random sample • Death notification forms from DHA • For period 1997-2001 • To expedite release of information on causes of death • 279 581 records processed instead of over 2million • Methodology consistent with international practice • Study based on notification forms completed by medical practitioner certifying death • Coding consistent with WHO rules (ICD-10) • Quality of data determined by physicians

  6. Leading underlying causes of death for both males and females, 1997-2001 • Unspecified unnatural causes (11%) • Ill-defined causes of death (8%) • Tuberculosis (8%) • HIV (7%) • Influenza and pneumonia (6%) • Account for 41% of deaths

  7. Percentage of deaths due to the leading underlying causes by year of death,1997-2001

  8. Changing importance of leading underlying causes of deaths for both males and females, 1997 & 2001

  9. Differential patterns of underlying causes of death • Gender differentials • Age differentials • Differentials by population group

  10. Percentage distribution of deaths due to leading underlying causes by gender,1997-2001

  11. Changing importance in the leading underlying causes of male deaths, 1997 & 2001

  12. Changing importance of the leading underlying causes of female deaths, 1997 & 2001

  13. Age differentials in leading underlying causes of death • Population younger than 15: • Leading underlying cause of death intestinal infections (15.4% of male; 16.1% of female deaths) • Increased proportion of deaths due to HIV and Influenza and pneumonia as underlying cause • Malnutrition is important underlying cause of death: • Seventh leading cause of death • Accounted for 7% of male deaths • Accounted for 6% of female deaths

  14. % Male deaths due to the leading underlying causes of death by age, 1997-2001

  15. % Female deaths due to the leading underlying causes by age, 1997-2001

  16. Mortality differentials in the older ages • Population aged 50 and older • Patterns of underlying causes of death are unique • Degenerative diseases major cause • Four common leading underlying causes of death for males and females are: • Cerebrovascular • Ischaemic heart disease • Other heart diseases • General symptoms & signs • Account for 41% of female and 31% of male deaths • Diabetes among the 5 leading causes for females • Ill-defined causes among the 5 leading causes for males

  17. % Male deaths due to the eight leading underlying causes, by population group, 1997-2001

  18. % Female deaths due to eight leading underlying causes, by population group,1997-2001

  19. Conclusion • Changing underlying mortality patterns over time • Differential effects of the changes by: • Gender, Age & Population Group • Unspecified unnatural causes dominate • Emergence of different underlying causes of death • HIV, TB, and Influenza & pneumonia • Women more likely to die from HIV • Decline in unspecified unnatural causes • Offset by sharp increase in other underlying causes (HIV, TB, and influenza & pneumonia) • Results have implication for policy

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