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MOLECULAR REVIEW

MOLECULAR REVIEW. UNDERSTANDING THE MAIN CONCEPTS FOR THE UPCOMING TEST. COMPARING Cell ORGANELLE FUNCTIONS. CELL THEORY 3 Parts. All living things composed of Cells Cell is the base unit of all life functions and structure All Cells come from other cells

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MOLECULAR REVIEW

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  1. MOLECULAR REVIEW UNDERSTANDING THE MAIN CONCEPTS FOR THE UPCOMING TEST

  2. COMPARING Cell ORGANELLE FUNCTIONS

  3. CELL THEORY 3 Parts • All living things composed of Cells • Cell is the base unit of all life functions and structure • All Cells come from other cells • Can’t explain where first cell came from • Can’t explain viruses

  4. Comparing Cell Types

  5. PHOTOSYNTHESIS: • Sunlight releases Photons • Photons “captured” by chloroplasts • Water taken in by roots of plant • Carbon Dioxide taken in by leaf • Energy releases electron • Electron breaks apart water releasing oxygen • Energy then used to combine Hydrogen with Carbon Dioxide to create Glucose. (Calvin Cycle) • 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2

  6. Cell Respiration: • Cell takes in Glucose and Oxygen • Mitochondria “convert” glucose into USABLE energy form • Carbon Dioxide and Water are created as waste products • Energy needed to sustain life: • 70% = organ function • 10%= digestion of food • 20% = used in activity or stored as fat • Formula • C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6 H2O

  7. OSMOSIS • Movement of water across a cell membrane • Moves from high concentration to low concentration • REQUIRES NO ENERGY; PASSIVE TRANSPORT

  8. Diffusion: • Movement of gas across a cell membrane • Gases moves from high concentration to low concentration • PASSIVE TRANSPORT; NO ENERGY REQUIRED • Example: Balloon deflating over time

  9. MITOSIS: CELL DIVISION (when osmosis and Diffusion don’t Work • 3 Cell Stages • G1: Cell grows, organelles double • S : DNA is replicated inside nucleus • G2: Mitosis: NORMAL CELL FUNCTION STOPS • Interphase (G2) • Prophase- nucleus disappears; chromosomes appear • Metaphase- chromosomes line up in middle • Anaphase- chromosomes split apart • Telophase- cytokinesis begins, nucleus reforms, chromosomes disappear • Interphase (G1) normal cell function begins

  10. Nutrition and you • 3 basic food molecules • Carbohydrates- sugars, plant products and quick energy providers for animals • Proteins- amino acids used to promote tissue growth and repair: meats, eggs, beans • Oils/Fats- storage of excess energy (oil liquid form, fat solid form)

  11. How they affect you • Carbohydrates- give you a quick energy boost • Excess Carbohydrates turned into fat • Proteins- longer to digest, makes you feel full longer • Fats- easily stored away as fat, overides body’s sense of being full making you crave more.

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