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Exploring Canada's Diverse Landform Regions

Embark on a journey through Canada's unique landform regions, from the majestic Appalachian Mountains to the Arctic Lowlands and beyond. Discover the rich diversity of landscapes, soils, and climates that shape Canada's geography. Learn about the Canadian Shield, Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Lowlands, Hudson Bay Lowlands, and more. Explore the forests, valleys, and plains that define these regions. This guide offers insights into the geological wonders and natural beauty of Canada's landforms.

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Exploring Canada's Diverse Landform Regions

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  1. Canadian Landform Regions • Appalachian Mountains • Arctic Lowlands • Canadian Shield • Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Lowlands • Hudson Bay Lowlands • Innuitian Mountains • Interior Plains • Western Cordillera

  2. Appalachian Mountains • Rolling hills • Broad valleys • Deep, fertile soil • Mountains 1000 m • Coniferous and deciduous forests • More coniferous in cooler northern regions • Most of Atlantic Canada

  3. Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Lowlands • South of the Shield • Region of plain • Fertile soil (brown earth) • From southwestern Ontario along the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River to the mouth of Saguenay River (Quebec)

  4. Canadian Shield • Thin, acidic soils (podzols) • Coniferous forests • Not suited to agriculture • Covers most of central Canada

  5. Hudson Bay Lowlands • In northern Ontario and Manitoba • Mainly flat and poorly drained • Soil is mix of tundra and podzols (leads to swamp forests)

  6. Arctic Lowlands • South of Innuitians • Upland plateau surfaces and lowland plains • Tundra, treeless plain • Cold, dry climate • Poorly drained soil • Short growing season (sparse vegetation- lichens & moss)

  7. Innuitian Mountains • In the Far North • Over 2000 m with steep-sided valleys • Too cold for trees to survive

  8. Interior Plains • Between the Shield and Western Cordillera • Extensive area of plain (3 prairie plains separated by 2 long steep slopes- escarpments) • Southern central area is semi-desert • Soil, black earth (chernozem) ideal for growing wheat

  9. Western Cordillera • Parallel mountain ranges (3000 m+) • Separated by plateaus • Interior valleys - good soil where rivers deposited sand/silt (large delta-Vancouver) • Western slope forest is most luxuriant, fastest-growing • 2-or-300 year old fir trees may be 100+ m high and 5 m diameter

  10. Links • Natural Resources Canada

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