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Chapter 12-Imperialism

Chapter 12-Imperialism. What is imperialism? 1 country controls political, economic, or cultural life of another country/region By 1870’s most of the world was under Euro. Rule Why would these European nations do this? . Reasons . Economic Factors

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Chapter 12-Imperialism

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  1. Chapter 12-Imperialism • What is imperialism? • 1 country controls political, economic, or cultural life of another country/region • By 1870’s most of the world was under Euro. Rule • Why would these European nations do this?

  2. Reasons • Economic Factors • Industrial growth in Europe increased the need to natural resources • These nations needed new markets • Nationalist Factors • Nationalism-devotion to one’s nation

  3. Reasons • Military Factors • Advances in technology • Stronger armies and navies • Required bases around the world • Prestige • Humanitarian Factors • Spread ideas • Politically and religious

  4. Rapid Spread • How were Euro nations able to gain so much land? • Older Empires are in the decline • Ex. Ottoman Empire • Strong econ, gov’t, tech, and military • Resistance • Didn’t match Euro strength • Educated nationalists finally get Euro out

  5. Support • Pro-imperialists and Anti-Imperialists • Pro: nation’s destiny, expand markets • Anti: benefits the rich, racism

  6. Two Methods of Rule • Direct Rule • Controls every level of govt • Appoints positions • Ex- France and Germany • Indirect Rule • Euro. is in control at the top • Leaves original leaders in power • Ex. Great Britain • Made decisions-local officers enforced them Results-THE SAME

  7. Sphere of Influence • Outside power claims investment or trading privileges • Areas of China

  8. Section 2-Early 1800’s • North Africa • Sahara and Farming areas • Islamic influence • Part of the Ottoman Empire • East Africa • Islamic influence • Trading centers • Southern Africa • Zulu Nation ruled the area • Boers-Dutch farmers • Conflict between them and Zulus • Western Africa • Islamic influence • Traders

  9. Early Explorers • Missionaries • Catholic and Protestant • Built schools, hospitals • But viewed their way of life as backwards • Dr. David Livingstone • Wrote about his findings and anti-slavery • Was not heard for years until 1871

  10. Scramble • Congo • King Leopold II • Reason he told people why they went there? • Barbaric lifestyles and they’re there to help • Belgium exploited the riches • Reports of horrible mistreatment • Leopold gave the colony to the gov’t

  11. Cont. Expansion • France • Conquered Northern Africa • Controlled Western and Central Africa • French Empire in Africa was larger than the US • Britain • Scattered but lots of resources • Issues with the Boers • Boer War 1899-1902 • British won at a cost • 1910- Union of South Africa created

  12. Resisting Rule • France dealt with the Algerians • British-Zulus and Asante • Ethiopia • Fought off Euro rule • Unification under Menelik II • Industrialize • New tech. • Italy invaded and lost

  13. Key Points Section 3 • Decline of Empires • Reform movements • Opposed Euro rule, Ottoman way of life • Problems w/ Ottoman • Revolts • European pressure • Conflict with social changes • Youth revolt • WWI • Armenian Genocide • Egypt • Muhammad Ali • Brought modernization to Egypt • Building of the Suez Canal • Persia • Russia and GB wanted this area • Oil

  14. 8:4 The British Take Over India, 1805 “THE SUN NEVER SETS ON THE BRITISH EMPIRE!”

  15. I. Early Years • Why do you think the British conquered India so easily? • Exploited its diversity • Different cultures, languages, traditions • GB took advantage • Indians couldn’t unite • GB created division, supplied local rulers with weapons

  16. II. “The Brightest Jewel” • The Sepoy Rebellion, 1857 -Angry Hindus & Muslims revolt over East India Company control & laws (mandatory military, marriage, etc)

  17. B. Aftermath • Northern, Central India to Delhi attacked • Massacred British men, women, children • How do you think the British responds? • Crush the riots • Slaughter thousands of unarmed Indians • Burn villages

  18. Impact of GB Rule C. Est. a viceroy • British at the top of gov’t, Indians fill other positions • Deforestation for farming • Population growth, which led to famine

  19. D. Educated Indians united Est. a democracy • 1947, India gains independence from British rule. Who is GHANDI?

  20. "When I despair, I remember that all through history the way of truth and love has always won. There have been tyrants and murderers and for a time they seem invincible, but in the end, they always fall — think of it, always.“ "What difference does it make to the dead, the orphans, and the homeless, whether the mad destruction is wrought under the name of totalitarianism or the holy name of liberty and democracy?“ "An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind.“ "There are many causes that I am prepared to die for but no causes that I am prepared to kill for."

  21. III. Impact of Imperialism • Increased nationalism in conquered territories • Modernized nations • Increased tensions in the world • Increased trade, interconnected world • Spread Christianity & western culture

  22. 12:5 China’s New Imperialism • Britain desires Opium trade -China “closed door policy” to west (Emperor Qian Long) -China practices balance of trade, export more than import

  23. B. Opium War 1839 • China outlawed Opium trade • GB refuses = war 1839 • GB modern navy defeats China’s outdated weapons.

  24. Indemnity- China pays losses to GB GB gains Hong Kong “Open Door Policy” Chinese ports to all trade Qing dynasty power decreasing by 1800’s C. Treaty of Nanjing, 1842

  25. D. Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864) • Poverty & misery increasing = peasants revolt • Hong Xiuquan, leader of “Heavenly Kingdom of Peace” aka Taiping, inspired by Christianity • 20-30 million Chinese die • Lasts 14 years • Russia seizes land in north • Weakens Qing gov’t more

  26. E. “Self Strengthening Movement” • 1860’s China • No government support • westernize • Built factories, modern weapons • railroads

  27. F. War with Japan • 1868 Japan modernized • 1894 War with China to acquire Korea • Defeat revealed China’s industrial weakness • European countries carve land from empire • 1898 GuangXu, “100 days of reform” • westernized • Jailed Guang, CiXi gains power

  28. G. Anti Foreign Feeling • Boxer Rebellion • Drive out “foreign devils” • Japan crushes revolt • Forced Chinese to support westernization • Increased nationalism • 1900 became a Constitutional Monarchy

  29. H. Chinese Republic • Sun Yixian, President 1911 • “Three principles of people”- built by Revolutionary Alliance • Nationalism • Democracy • Economic livelihood China at war with itself.

  30. Word Wall Use these key terms to create a summary of the chapter Boxer rebellion Taiping Rebellion Treaty of Nanjing Opium War Viceroy Berlin Conf. King Leopold Indirect/Direct Imperialism

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