Chapter 11 Age of Imperialism

1. Chapter 11 Age of Imperialism Honors World History C. Simmons

2. Chapter 11 Section 1 Scramble for Africa

3. Africa before European Domination • Europeans struggled to reach interior of continent, Africans used own resources to trade with Europeans • Mystery of David Livingstone • King Leopold – the good, the bad, and the ugly • This opened the flood gates as Europeans flowed in and colonized most of the African continent

5. Forces Driving Imperialism • As Europe industrialized new markets were needed to trade • Search for cache of raw materials to fuel industrialization • National pride (nationalism) • European superiority – racism is the belief one race is better than another - Social Darwinism, those who were wealthiest and successful were considered superior to others

6. The Division of Africa • Discovery of raw materials like diamonds and gold caused a scramble for control • Fear of war led to the Berlin Conference where Africa was divided by European leaders • Led to complete exploitation of African land and people

7. Clash over S Africa • Fighting among 3 groups: Africans, British, and the Dutch • Shaka Zulu challenged British control with valiant effort almost defeating the European army who used firearms the Zulu eventually fell • Dutch settlers known as Boers would fight the British over control of the Cape of Good Hope (Boer War)

8. Chapter 11 Section 2 Imperialism (Case Study Nigeria)

9. New Imperialistic Period • Imperialism was a much deeper penetration into other cultures • Forms of control-colony, protectorate, sphere of influence, and economic imperialism (p.346) • Methods of control- indirect v. direct • Direct control- policy of paternalism (parents) and eventually assimilation • Indirect control – local rulers kept in charge

10. A British Colony • Different ways Britain conquered Nigeria • Diplomatic • Militarily • Economically • Managing the colony • Problems with very diverse cultures

11. African Resistance • Africans never had an advantage due to their lack of firearms • Most resistance movements were unsuccessful (Maji-Maji story) • Successful movement – Ethiopia is only African nation able to resist Europeans due to one man Menelik II • Battle of Adowa Ethiopians keep their independence and defeat Italy

12. Legacy of colonial rule • Negative Effects – death, political confusion, boundary disputes, breakdown of traditional cultures, created identity problems for African people • Positive outcomes – improvement in standard of living, infrastructure, literacy, all in the interest of Europeans not Africans

13. Chapter 11 Section 3 Europeans Claim Muslim Lands

14. Ottoman Empire Loses Power • Suleyman I was the last great sultan, after his death the empire began to fall into disarray • High inflation caused an economic collapse • Ottoman people began to stir about nationalism, feeling of great interest of your own country

15. Europeans invade for territory • Geopolitics – invasion of land for strategic reasons • Ottoman land was very valuable because it controlled access to Mediterranean and Atlantic Trade routes for landlocked countries. • Crimean War – helps Russia gather control over Slavic states

16. Egypt and Persia pressured to change • Egypt builds the Suez Canal, seen as the “lifeline of the empire” • Modernization efforts were devastating to finances • Riots over tobacco and oil • Europeans exploited Muslim territories economically

18. Chapter 11 Section 4 British Imperialism in India

19. Britain expands control over India • India important b/c it’s natural resources • British East India Company • India was called “Jewel of the Crown” • Sepoys- Indian soldiers hired by the British • Negatives = Markets were flooded with traded British goods, this devastated local producers, end of self-sufficiency, caused famines • Positives = infrastructure, modernization, schools, public health.

20. Sepoy Mutiny • Racism, conversion, ill-treatment preludes Indian rebellion • “Cow-fat bullets” • Led to crisis and rebellion of sepoys = turning point in British rule • Raj – direct British control over India • Ram Mohun Roy – calls for independence • Fighting continued for years to come

22. Chapter 5 Section 5 Imperialism in Southeast Asia

23. Europeans invade Pacific Rim • Natural resources were abundant on the Pacific Islands • Dutch –Indonesia • British – Malayan Peninsula • French – Indochina • Colonization led to the blending and clashes of many different cultures. One reason why region is so volatile today

24. Siam remains defiant • King Mongkut – modernized country, also promoted region as buffer zone b/t French (Vietnam) and British (Burma) • Differed b/c foreign influence not present so less racial and cultural chaos

26. US Imperialism in Pacific • 1898 Spanish American War > Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico • Philippines led to struggle – Filipino nationalist, Emilio Aguinaldo • Hawaii interest Americans b/c of sugar • McKinnley Tariff changed price of sugar • Queen Liliuokalani wanted to restore power to Hawaiians • American Businessmen Plot to overthrow the Queen