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Part 5 Cold War Hope, Fear, and the end of the Cold War

Part 5 Cold War Hope, Fear, and the end of the Cold War. Limitations of a Communist System. Let ’ s face it - the economic policies of the USSR emphasize the production of heavy industrial goods not consumer goods. Lifestyle in communist country in 1970s.

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Part 5 Cold War Hope, Fear, and the end of the Cold War

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  1. Part 5 Cold WarHope, Fear, and the end of the Cold War

  2. Limitations of a Communist System

  3. Let’s face it - the economic policies of the USSR emphasize the production of heavy industrial goodsnot consumer goods Lifestyle in communist country in 1970s

  4. Let’s face it - the USSR just could not keep up with the high cost of maintaining the arms race

  5. Problems for the USSR

  6. 1. China is no longer the junior partner. They are alike in 5 Year Plans and the Great Leap Forward - plans to advance the economy to an ideal communist state.They don’t agree with each other’s style of communism (China - its all about the peasants. USSR it is about workers and heavy industry)and....they seem to be a little more friendly with the US

  7. 1968 Czech leader Alexander Dubcek was beginning liberalization reforms - the Soviet Union sent troops into Czechoslovakia in 1968 to overthrow the current government and replace it with a pro-communist regime. This proved to the world that the Soviets were willing to use military force to keep their control over Eastern Europe. 2. Hungary was problem earlier but that “velvet revolution” was stomped out but in 1968 it is Czechoslovakia that is a problem

  8. Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty1968

  9. Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty1968 Several major nuclear and even non-nuclear nations sign this treaty which is created to prevent the spread of nuclear technology. It did not prevent the spread BUT - It was a success for people asking for arms control because it did begin a serious mov’t to reduce arms Cooperation is now the name of the game!

  10. SALT Treaty

  11. The US tries to cooperate with the USSR The US and USSR sign two SALT (1972) treaties. One limits ABM systems; the other limits number of missiles Still the US maintains superiority in nuclear warheads with MIRVs; arms race continues

  12. SALT treatiesStrategic Arms Limitations Talks

  13. Many third world/developing countries intentionally adopt the nonalignment mov’t which means they won’t pick to side with either the US or USSR- leaves more options open for them. The non alignment mov’t gains political strength in the international scene

  14. “We believe in nonaggression and noninterference by one country in the affairs of another and the growthof tolerance between them and the capacity for peaceful coexistence. We, therefore, endeavor to maintain friendly relations with all countries, even though we may disagree with them in their policies.” -Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India This statement describes the foreign policy known as... nonalignment

  15. Middle East is unstable

  16. Six Day War Junea.k.a. Arab-Israeli War 1967 • War b/w Israel & enemies Egypt, Jordan, Syria • Egypt’s Nasser used Soviet false claim of Israeli forces gathering on Sinai peninsula to kick out the UN Emergency Force • Both Egypt and Israel mobilized forces Israel won control of Sinai peninsula results of this war affect geopolitics of this region even today!

  17. In the Six Day War of June 1967, Israel defeated the combined armies of Egypt, Syria and Jordan, capturing the West Bank, East Jerusalem, the Gaza Strip, the Golan Heights and the Sinai Peninsula. For Israel, it was a stunning triumph; for Arabs, a humiliating defeat. Israel no longer occupies the Sinai or Gaza, but its continued hold over the other territories has stymied efforts to bring comprehensive peace to the Middle East.

  18. Middle East is unstable 1972 Munich Olympics Palestinian terrorists broke into the Olympic village and took 11 Israeli athletes hostage

  19. Middle East is unstable The gains Israel made in 1967 are established but the war in 1973 almost drew in the US and the USSR 1973 Yom Kippur War The US and USSR came close to nuclear war

  20. Meanwhile US President Nixon continues to support the racist white leadership in South Africa - apartheid

  21. Nixon resigns: Watergate Ford takes over but serves only one term President Carter by 1977

  22. SALT II treaty in 1979 - sets a limit on delivery vehicles and MIRV launchers but not warheads so military actually increases USSR invades Afghanistan in 1979 and the US decides it will intervene to protect the Persian Gulf and oil shipments

  23. PROXY WAR boy, will we come to regret that - we sent millions of weapons to the Mujahideen who became the Taliban who we fight today in Afghanistan Soviets invade Afghanistan US supports local Mujahideen (strugglers) who fight against Afghanistan

  24. United States involvement in the Vietnam War and the Soviet Union’s involvement in Afghanistan were motivated mainly by a desire to 1. exploit the mineral resources of the regions 2. support governments that would remain strong allies 3. stop the expansion of Japan into the Middle East 4. establish independent nation-states in the regions

  25. PROXY WAR Iranian Revolution 1979 The Shah of Iran is overthrown and a strict Muslim religious gov’t (theocracy) is established under the leadership of a religious head called the Ayatollah

  26. PROXY WAR American hostages are taken-they are beaten and kept in solitary confinement for 444 days

  27. The Men Credited with the end of the Cold War

  28. Ronald Reagan is elected president (American hostages in Iran are freed on the the day of his inauguration_

  29. Ronald Reagan Champion of capitalism Largest military budget in US history Star Wars campaign - Strategic Defense Initiative

  30. Miracle on Ice 1980 Winter Olympics Lake Placid, NY

  31. The 1980s saw changes in the USSR satellite nations

  32. Poland experienced the Solidarity Mov’t Ship workers and Catholics combined to protest against communist/Soviet rule in Poland. Led by Lech Walesa It was the first independent labor union in a Soviet-bloc country. Solidarity gave rise to a broad anti-communist nonviolent social movement that, at its height, united some 10 million members and vastly contributed to the fall of communism.

  33. The 1980s saw changes in the USSR

  34. Because of the costs of the arms race, Afghanistan, heavy production, etc....They begin to modify their command economy by introducing some market economy strategies

  35. Perestroika - Traditionally, a communist, or command economy, controls the means of production by having governmental agencies involved in production planning. But Gorbachev sought to increase production in vital areas by introducing individual free enterprise. *1. Wanted to improve the economy and decentralize decision making * 2. more reliance on local and regional decision making 3. idea wasn’t to dismantle communism but to make it work more efficiently (though now it is thought to be one of the main causes of the break up of the Soviet Union)

  36. Berlin Wall Comes Down 1989

  37. Dissolution of U.S.S.R.

  38. 1991 The Soviet Union dissolved. The Soviet military was not getting paid - they revolted and that was the end of the grand USSR. Since then it has faced many ethnic revolts and tensions in former Soviet controlled regions

  39. Now you know it all...how about a cartoon review?

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