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The Cold War - The End

The Cold War - The End. Part 3. Essential Question. What events led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union?. Soviet Stagnation (1964-1982). Krushchev was removed from power in 1964 & Soviet Union fell into stagnation Planners couldn’t predict needs of people No incentive to work hard

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The Cold War - The End

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  1. The Cold War - The End Part 3

  2. Essential Question • What events led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union?

  3. Soviet Stagnation (1964-1982) • Krushchev was removed from power in 1964 & Soviet Union fell into stagnation • Planners couldn’t predict needs of people • No incentive to work hard • Farms failed to produce enough food • Consumer good were low quality • Living standards fell • Soviet economy couldn’t keep up with Western • Communist Party members enjoyed privileges

  4. Soviet Stagnation (1964-1982) • Soviets tried to ease tensions with West, failed when Soviet troops stopped rebellions in Czechoslovakia & Afghanistan • Some imprisoned for demanding human rights • Soviet troops became tied up in war against Afghani Nationalists

  5. The Gorbachev Years (1985-1991) • 1985 – Mikhail Gorbachev takes control • Wanted to preserve Communism, but sought reform • Glasnost – Introduced openness, freedom of speech & press allowed, Congress of People’s Deputies created • Perestroika – Economic reform that allowed individuals to own businesses • Foreign Policy – Entered into talks with Pres. Reagan that eventually allowed creation of democratic governments in Eastern Europe

  6. Iron Curtain Falls in Eastern Europe • Poland led push for change • Solidarity, an independent trade union, was created • 1981-1983 – Government tried to stop movement • Gorbachev opposed the use of force • Poland was 1st to elect a non-Communist government

  7. Iron Curtain Falls in Eastern Europe • Changes promoted lifting of Curtain in other countries • Demonstrations staged across Eastern Europe • Berlin Wall opened in November 1989 • Free-elections across Eastern Europe brought non-Communist governments to power

  8. Gorbachev’s Problems Grow • Policies failed to solve economic problems • Openness of Glasnost led to nationalism • Non-Russian nationalities demanded independence • 1991 – Boris Yeltsin elected President of Russian Republic • Gorbachev helpless to stop nationalism

  9. Dissolution of Soviet Union (1991) • August 1991 – Communist leaders temporarily took power in a military coup • Coup collapsed & Communist Party was discredited • Gorbachev allowed many nations to become independent in 1991 • By end of 1991 the U.S.S.R. dissolved

  10. Reunification of Germany • West German leader negotiated reunification, which became official at end of 1990 • Germany reunited, & the capital was moved back to Berlin

  11. Changes Come to China • Communist leaders introduced free-enterprise • Deng Xiaoping replaced Mao • Reformed changes made by Mao’s Cultural Revolution • Goal was to modernize China by reforming economy

  12. Economic Changes under Xiaoping • Land Reforms – State-run farms disbanded, peasants took farms & productivity increased • Consumer Goods – Began producing more consumer goods like TVs & radios • New Factory Management – Allowed to sell products to buyers for profit • Limited Capitalism – Individuals could own businesses, & became responsible for China’s industrial output • Foreign Investment – Foreign companies allowed to start joint ventures with Chinese enterprises

  13. Tiananmen Square • Chinese leaders refused to abandon Communism • 1989 – College students peacefully demonstrated in Beijing’s Tiananmen Square for personal freedom & democracy • Tanks fired on demonstrators, killing hundreds • Western leaders reduced trade with China • Now trade has resumed, & economic freedom has made China the fastest growing economy

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