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PROJECT AIRNAUTILUS

PROJECT AIRNAUTILUS. Fall 2009. Statement of Need. Assure that the U.S. maintains its tactical advantage for future coastal insertion missions (ref: DARPA BAA-09-06). Motivation. Objective System. AirNautilus. Final Design Layout. Operating Environment.

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PROJECT AIRNAUTILUS

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  1. PROJECT AIRNAUTILUS Fall 2009

  2. Statement of Need • Assure that the U.S. maintains its tactical advantage for future coastal insertion missions (ref: DARPA BAA-09-06)

  3. Motivation

  4. Objective System

  5. AirNautilus

  6. Final Design Layout

  7. Operating Environment • Carry up to eight personnel with equipment ~113 kg per person = ~900 kg total • Carry an additional 900 kg of cargo • Cruise altitude ~5,200 meters • Tactical approach altitude ~5-10 meters

  8. Requirements • Sea state five conditions • 21-25 knot winds • Wave height 2.5-3.7 meters • Average period 5.5-7 seconds • Average wave length 32-48 meters • Submersing one atmosphere (~10 meters) to avoid detection • Land on water

  9. Communications

  10. Communication • Penetration ability of wave with various frequencies into sea water • Antenna design to operate as a submarine as well as an aircraft

  11. Communication • Attenuation of wave into water • Electrical conductivity  • Fresh water = 0.01 S/m • Sea water = 4 S/m • Skin depth = • Sea water • Thick electrical conductor, RF don’t travel well • Non-magnetic material • Balance between: • Penetration and antenna length

  12. Communication • Types of submarine antenna • HI-Q-4/2-30 Mast • Short HF 2-30 MHZ • ¼ wave length antenna • Fully encapsulated for environmental protection • h=50”, d=5.94”, m=18 lbs • Lower mast (drive motor 24 VDC) • upper mast (Re-entrant Coaxial Cap-hat) • loading coil (movable  continuously tunedin 2-30MHz range), • antenna controller

  13. Communication • Types of submarine antenna • Buoyant cable • VLF/LF/MF/HF (10 KHz - 35 MHz) • l=610-730m, d=0.01651m,specific gravity=1.19kg/m • Just for receiving when at max depth (1 way comm.) • Slow transmission rate ~ few characters per minute

  14. Communication • Air Craft Antenna • VHF communication is light-of-sight • One antenna at the top-one at the bottom • VHF Civil Aviation Band (108 to 136.975 MHz) • BW = 18.975 MHz •  ≈ 2.2 m • Fiberglass Rigid Antenna • Good Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) • ¼ wave antennas • Coax cable • Must be 50 Ω coax (for aircraft) • inner wire and an outer braid or shield • outer braid is also ‘earths’, which suppressesoutside interference • BNC connector (light, weather proof) • Radio

  15. Electrical

  16. Transition • Start electric motor • Seal all water entry points • Shut down turbo-fan engines • Perform nitrogen purge of turbo-fan engines • Flood turbofans with fuel • Flood the wings with surrounding sea water • Increase motor RPM to 75% of total power • Check battery charge status

  17. Transition • Reduce motor to idle (10%) • Switch main power source to electric motor • Verify electrical system operation • Verify sife support systems are operational • Presurize cockpit • Slowly Submerge

  18. Electrical Schematic

  19. Underwater Travel: Electrical Powering the aircraft • According to ourresearchwefoundthat the aircraftneeded 50kW whilesubmerged, safety factor included • Total amount of power required for underwateroperationbothwaysassumingwetake 10 hoursis 500kW • A Reliance Baldor 1000HP electric motor will power the propellers • The motorwilldraw power from an array of batteries • Number of batteries on board: 44k

  20. Underwater Travel: Propeller • Prop was optimized to find basic prop needs: • 5 knot Speed • 300 kW per prop • 1000 RPM • 0.5 Gearbox Reduction Ratio • 28 cm Diameter • 0.61 m Pitch • 56% Slip • Four blades for smaller diameter

  21. Resurfacing

  22. Resurfacing

  23. Stability • Longitudinal Stability • The longer after-body as compare to fore-body will maintain longitudinal stability by adding adequate canard moment arms • Lateral Stability • Two water skis on the tips of each wing are providing; • Lateral stability to submersible aircraft • Weather-vane to face wind when at rest, or during taxiing at low speed

  24. Miscellaneous

  25. Propulsion

  26. Water Landing: Impact Force • Aircraft weight: • 266,893.297 N (60,000 lbs) • Descent Rate: • -3.5 meters per second normal to water • Vertical Speed Stop Time: • 1 second • Pressure: • 3.418 kN/m2 • Force: • 95.25 kN

  27. Submersion • Static Diving • Ballast tanks • For our aircraft specifications • Fb = 207 kN • 21000 kg of water • 20.57 m3 • Single hull design • 22m3of free space for our components

  28. Corrosion • Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) • 90.0% Ti, 6.0% Al, 4.0% V, 0.25% Fe, 0.20% O • Often used in airframes, blades, fasteners • Great corrosion resistance • Density: 4.43 g/cm3 • Thickness: 3 mm Ti-6Al-4V blisk manufactured for the JSF

  29. Conclusions

  30. Future Work

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