Subjunctive

1. Subjunctive Made easy

2. Types of Subjunctive Clauses • Noun Clause • Adjective Clause • Adverb Clause • “If” Clause • Santa Claus …Just kidding.

3. What is a clause? • A clause is a part of a sentence with a conjugated verb. • There can be either 1 or 2 clauses in a sentence. • My mother listens to Jazz. • This is a main clause because there is no other conjugated verb. • My mother feels that I need to practice more. • The underlined phrase represents the main clause. • The second phrase, in red, represents the dependant clause (the second conjugated verb).

4. Main clause facts! • 1. The main clause cannot have a subjunctive conjugation. • 2. The verb can be in any tense. • 3. The tense of the main clause verb will dictate the tense of the dependant clause verb.

5. Dependant clause facts! • Just as it sounds the dependant clause “depends” on the main clause situation. • If the main clause verb sequence is not a subjunctive indicator then the dependant clause verb (if there is one) will be an indicative “regular” verb conjugation. • If the main clause verb sequence is a subjunctive indicator then the dependant clause verb must be subjunctive.

6. Sequence of Tenses Main Clause Dependant Clause • Present • Regular Present • Present Progressive • Present Perfect • Commands • Past • Imperfect • Preterit • Past Perfect • Future • Conditional • Present / Present Subjunctive • Past / Past Subjunctive • Present / Present Subjunctive • Past / Past Subjunctive

7. Noun Clauses – W.E.I.R.D.O • These are the main clause verb indicators. • 1. Wishing / wanting • 2. Emotion • 3. Impersonal expressions • 4. Request • 5. Doubt • 6. Orders / Ojalá

8. You need one to have the other. • Mi hermanoesperaque me vaya. • Espera – Emotion = Subjunctive Indicator • Vaya = subjunctive conjugation. • Mi hermanosabeque me voy. • Sabe – Not in WEIRDO = Indicative “Regular” verb conjugation.

9. Present Subjunctive verb formation. • 1. Write verb in yo form of present tense. • Drop the –o. • Add the opposite vowel. • -ar – e er/ir – a • Add the correct ending (if necessary)

10. Adjective Clause Uncertainty, things that may not exist, refutable statements

11. The facts! • An adjective clause simply means that there is a noun after the verb in the main clause. • Example: Tengoun perroque come pizza. • In a noun clause, you have the verb + que + verb. • Example: Quieroquetúvayas a la tienda. • You will almost never see past subjunctive with these!

12. What to look for… • Typically these words or phrases will require subjunctive in an adjective clause. • 1. indefinite articles – un, una, unos, unas • 2. Verbs that indicate actions that haven’t happened yet. • Necesitar, Querer, Buscar • 3. No verb negatives – refutable statements. • No hay nadie, no hay nada, no conocer a, etc • Example: no hay nadie en estaclasequehableinglés. This is subjunctive because it can be refuted. There may actually be someone in the class who can speak English.

13. Non-subjunctive indicators • 1. If you see Tener (even if it is with an indefinite article) • Example: Tengo un perroque come mucho. • The dog exists because you stated that you have one. • 2. Hay (again even if it is with an indefinite article). • Hay un hombre que le conoce a Sra. Lorena. • There is a man. He exists. • 3. Conocer – Same reason as above. • Conozco a unamujerquequierecasarseconmigo. • If you know her, she exists.

14. Adverb Clause

15. Looking for conjunctions • A conjunction is simply a word or set of words that link the main clause to the dependant clause. • Some are always subjunctive while others depend on the main clause verb. • You can have both present and past subjunctive.

16. Conjunctions = always subjunctive • Para que – so that • A fin de que – in order that / so that • A menosque – unless • Antes de que – before • Con tal de que – provided that • En caso de que – in case • Sin que - without

17. A menosque / con tal de que • A menosque and con tal de que are followed by the present subjunctive if the action of the dependent clause occurs at the same time as the action in the main clause. • He’ll study math provided that you return his book to him. • Estudiarálasmatematicas con tal de quedevuelvessulibro. • They are followed by the present perfect subjunctive if the dependent action occurs before the action of the main clause. • He’ll study math provided that you have returned his book to him. • Estudiarálasmatematicas con tal de quehayasdevueltosulibro.

18. Might be subjunctive…might not. • Como – how • Aunque – although / even though • Según – according to • Donde – where • Mientras – while • De maneraque – so that • De modoque – so that • If you have subjunctive, the English translation will be “ever”. • However, wherever

19. More 50/50 conjunctions • Después de que – after • Cuando – when (whenever) • Hastaque – until • Tan pronto como – as soon as • En cuanto – as soon as • Luegoque – as soon as • Asíque – as soon as

20. When will the 50/50 be subjunctive? • 1. If the main clause verb is in the future tense. • Future formation: • Infinitive plus é, ás, á, emos, án • Can also be ir + a • 2. If the verb is in present tense but represents an impending action. • Querer, pensar, etc • 3. All commands

21. Examples • Ella me dirá la verdadcuandoregrese. • She will tell me the truth whenever she returns. • Since we don’t know if she will return, subjunctive is used. • Quieroirme tan pronto comoélllegue. • I want to leave as soon as he arrives. • If he never arrives, you may not want to leave. • Explíqueles la situacióndespués de queentren. • Explain the situation to them after they enter. • If they never enter, you can’t explain it to them.

22. If clauses • This one is easy. • You can only have Past subjunctive after the word “si” if a conditional tense verb is present. • Otherwise you must use regular tenses.

23. Examples of subjunctive • Si yotuviera mucho dinero, compraríauna casa grande. • If I had a lot of money, I would buy a big house. • Yoteprestaría el DVD sisupieradondeestaba. • I would lend you the DVD if I knew where it was. • Si ellahubieracomprendido el subjuntivo, habríarecibidounabuena nota. • If she had understood the subjunctive, she would have received a good grade.

24. Not subjunctive • Si puedoir, iré. • If I can go, I will. • Voy a la tiendasitengotiemposuficiente. • I’ll go to the store if I have enough time. • Haga la tareasiquieres. • Do the homework if you want. • You must have a past tense sentence to use an If clause in subjunctive.