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Phylum Arthropoda

Phylum Arthropoda. Insects. Subphylum Hexapoda. Class Parainsecta Class Insecta. Class Parainsecta. Springtail, proturans, and diplurans Wingless, add segments as they grow. Class Insecta. Success. Live almost everywhere except salt water 1 million species Ability to fly

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Phylum Arthropoda

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  1. Phylum Arthropoda Insects

  2. Subphylum Hexapoda • Class Parainsecta • Class Insecta

  3. Class Parainsecta • Springtail, proturans, and diplurans • Wingless, add segments as they grow

  4. Class Insecta

  5. Success • Live almost everywhere except salt water • 1 million species • Ability to fly • Light skeleton with jointed appendages • Small size • Very short life spans • Produce large numbers of eggs • Natural selection occurs quickly

  6. Insects and People • Entomologist • Disadvantages • Compete with human food • Spread diseases • Tsetse fly, mosquitos • Attack wood in buildings • Consume wool material • Advantages • Serve as food • Cross – pollination • Commercially valuable products • Recycle nutrients

  7. Grasshopper • Demonstrate some details of insect structure and function

  8. External • Three tagmata • Anterior • Pair of unbranched antennae • Compound and simple eyes • Middle/ Divided into three segments • Prothorax • Attached to the head and 1stpr of walking legs • Mesothorax • Forewings and 2ndpr of walking legs • Metathorax • Attaches to abdomen, hindwings, and large jumping legs • Hindwings composed of exoskeleton • Abdomen • Upper and lower plates

  9. Internal • Feeding and digestion • Mouth parts are designed for cutting and chewing • Labrum and labium (hold food) • Mandibles tear off bits • Maxillae hold and cut • Insects have specialized mouthparts

  10. Digestive • Food enters mouth • moistened by salivary glands • passes through the esophagus and into the crop • food passes to the gizzard • shredded mass enters the midgut • food is broken down by enzymes • secreted by gastric cace • has pouches that branch from the digestive tract • nutrients absorbed through the midgut • undigested matter enters the digestive tract (hindgut) • leaves through the anus

  11. Grasshopper Digestive Tract

  12. Circulatory • Open circulatory system • Hemolymph • Heart (Abd,Thx) • into the coelom near the head • Hemolymph percolates through coelom • toward abdomen and thorax • moves back into the heart through pores

  13. Grasshopper Circulatory System

  14. Respiratory • Circulatory system transports O2 and CO2 • Trachea • Air enters these tubes through spiracles • Thorax and abdomen • Ends near cells that are filled with fluid • O2 and CO2 diffuses • Pumped in/out by abdomen and wings

  15. Grasshopper Respiratory System

  16. Excretory • Malpighian tubules • Collect water and cellular wastes from hemolymph • Attached to digestive tract b/w midgut and hindgut • Return most of the water to the hemolymph

  17. Grasshopper Excretory System

  18. Neural Control • Brain • ventral nerve cord w/ganglia in each body segment • Antennae • Simple eyes and compound eyes • Tympanum • Sound – sensing organ • Membrane covered oval air – filled cavity • Sensory hairs

  19. Grasshopper Neurological System

  20. Reproduction • Separate sexes • Male deposits sperm in female seminal receptacle • Eggs fertilize internally • Ovipositor • Last segment in female grasshoppers • Deposits fertilized eggs in soil

  21. Grasshopper Reproductive System

  22. Insect Development • Metamorphosis • Developmental change • Two kinds • Complete • Incomplete • Larval and Adult organism don’t compete • Survive harsh weather

  23. Insect Defense • Passive defense • Camouflage • Warning coloration • Mimicry • Aggressive defense • Venom

  24. Insect Behavior • Pheromones, sound, and light • Ants, honeybees, crickets, lightening bugs

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