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Social learning theory (Social cognitive theory)

Social learning theory (Social cognitive theory). By Mr Daniel Hansson. Social Learning Theory. According to Bandura, personality is shaped by an interaction among cognitive factors, behaviors and environmental factors. This interaction is termed reciprocal determinism . Cognitive factors.

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Social learning theory (Social cognitive theory)

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  1. Social learning theory(Social cognitive theory) By Mr Daniel Hansson

  2. Social Learning Theory • According to Bandura, personality is shaped by an interaction among cognitive factors, behaviors and environmental factors. This interaction is termed reciprocal determinism.

  3. Cognitive factors • Our dispositional factors: beliefs, expectations, values, intentions, social roles, emotional makeup and biological and genetic influences

  4. Questions for discussion • What are you good at? • What are you not good at? • What are you bad at? • Take the locus of control test. We will discuss the test in class.

  5. Behavioural factors • Our skills, practice and self efficacy • Self efficacy: Similar to confidence. The belief that one is capable of performing a certain behaviour to attain a certain goal

  6. Environmental factors • Our social, political and cultural influences and personal learning experiences

  7. Explanation of learning Learning comes from observing other’s behaviour and observing the consequences of the behaviour 1. Attention. The learner must attend the behaviour 2. Retention. The learner must remember the behaviour 3. Motor reproduction. The learner must be able to act what she has seen 4. Motivation. The learner must feel motivated to demonstrate what he/she has learned

  8. Factors that may influence learning • Consistency. The model (the person the learner is imitating) behaves in a way that is consistent across situations • Identification: The learner can identify with the model • Rewards/punishment. We can learn from the consequences of the models’ behaviour. (vicarious learning) • Liking: The more we likethe model, the more likely we are to imitate his or her behaviour

  9. Supporting/challenging studies • Bandura (1961) • Eron (1986) • Kimball and Zabrack (1986) • Becker (1995)

  10. Bandura, Ross & Ross (1961) • Children watched a model being aggressive to a bobo doll • Children imitated the model – were aggressive to the bobo doll

  11. Evaluation of study • Ethical problem of using children (cannot give consent, were taught aggressive behaviour) • Study was well controlled (children were matched with children of equal aggression, age and same gender) • Children’s aggressive behaviour was quantitatively measured by two observers (teacher of the children and the model) through a one way mirror glass • Possible demand characteristics • Problems of ecological validity and generalizability

  12. Evaluation of theory - strengths • Empirical support (e.g. studies, mirror neuron research, animal observations of social learning) • Application (education, therapy) • To understand learning, aggression, depression, to predict behaviour • Interactionistic – emphasizes dispositional, situational and sociocultural factors

  13. Evaluation of theory - limitations • Empirical challenges (e.g.Kimball and Zabrack 1986) • Methodological problems of studies • Not all behaviour is learned through social learning. There are other types of learning (operant conditioning, classical conditioning, direct instruction) There is a hereditary factor for many behaviours

  14. Links to the bobo doll experiment • http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Bandura/bobo.htm (original article on the Bobo doll experiment) • http://www.holah.karoo.net/bandura.htm (information on the Bobo doll experiment) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BTB-I-L3YIE(video about Bobo doll experiment)

  15. Social learning activity • Teach a partner a simple skill that you know how to do • Your partner must be unable to do the skill • You must be able to teach the skill within a short time span (5-10 minutes) and without harming anyone • At the end of the activity your partner should be able to perform the skill. It is voluntary if he/she wants to show it to the rest of the class

  16. Examples of skills that you can teach • A simple nursery rhyme • Song (you may only recite it, you do not have to sing it) • Poem • Some vocabulary from another language • Dance steps • Computer game or program • A simple motor movement

  17. Discussion • What cognitive, environmental and behavioral factors affected the outcome and success of learning the skill? • How could teaching/learning have been improved?

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