Title, Berkeley Birthday 01-26-07

1. My legacy: A launch pad for exploring neocortex Title, Berkeley Birthday 01-26-07 Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley http://sulcus.berkeley.edu Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

2. Sherrington and Fulton Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

3. McCulloch and Pribram Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

4. EEG, Cat hungry, then satiated Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

5. PG PSTH Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

6. PG cells and Chloride Ion Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

7. Complex plane, frequencies and decay rates Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

8. Change of scales Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

9. Complex plane, Eigenvalues., Laplacian Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

10. Complex plane, poles, roots Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

11. Complex plane, root loci Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

12. Lashley, reverberatory circuits, PG PSTH Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

13. PG root loci Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

14. PG Threshold, non-zero point attractor Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

15. Pole at the origin of the complex plane Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

16. Root loci: Sigmoid curve Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

17. Root loci: Sigmoid curve, KIe Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

18. St. Thomas Aquinas, Intentionality Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

19. An example of intentionality Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

20. Root loci: Stimulus Intensity, Pentobarbital Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

21. AEP, PSTH: Gain reduction by threshold Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

22. Root loci: Mode 1i Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

23. Root loci: PG PSTH and AEP Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

24. Root loci: 64 AEP OB from PON Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

25. Root loci: Mode 1e Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

26. Root loci Mode 2: Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

27. Root loci: Sigmoid curve, KIIob Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

28. Root loci: Summary of root loci root loci Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

29. EEG, Cat hungry, then satiated Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

30. Helmholtz, army surgeon, neuroscientist, 1st law of thermodynamics Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

31. Charles Darwin 1809-1882 “The involuntary transmission of nerve-force may or may not be accompanied by consciousness. Why the irritation of nerve- cells should generate or liberate nerve-force is not known; but that this is the case seems to be the conclusion arrived at by all the greatest physiologists such as Müller, Virchow, Bernard, and so on.” The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals (1863) p. 70 Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

32. J HughlingsJackson Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

33. Sigmund Freud NEURODYNAMICS “[My] approach is derived from clinical observations of ‘excessively intense’ ideas in hysteria. … What I have in mind is the principle of neuronic inertia. It finds expression in the hypothesis of a current passing from dendrites to axon. … Memory is made possible by supposing that there are resistances in contacts between the neurons that function as barriers. … The hypothesis of ‘contact-barriers’ is fruitful in many directions.” Sigmund Freud (1893) “The Project of a Scientific Psychology”, pp. 356-359. [Three years later, Foster and Sherrington named the ‘synapse’.] Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

34. Gilbert Ryle - Category error ___________________________ _________________________________ ________ Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

35. Kohler Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

36. Roger Sperry Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

37. Classic Thermodynamics, equilibrium Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

38. Self-organized criticality - Neurodynamics Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

39. Self-organized criticality - compare to complex plane Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

40. Self-organized criticality - action perception cycle Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

41. Self-organized criticality - gamma bursts Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

42. EEG, Cat hungry, then satiated Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

43. Self-organized criticality - phase transitions Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

44. Self-organized criticality - compare to complex plane Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

45. Haken Prigogine Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

46. Renyi-Erdos Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

47. Penrose, Umezawa x Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

48. Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

49. John von Neumann “Brains lack the arithmetic and logical depth that characterize our computations… .” “We require exquisite numerical precision over many logical steps to achieve what brains accomplish in very few short steps.” The Computer and the Brain, 1958, p. 63. John von Neumann Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

50. Conclusion Proposition: These “very few short steps” are cortical phase transitions. The tools for describing them are now in the repertoire of neuroscience. Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley