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Cell Structure & Function

Cell Structure & Function. http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html. Topic: Cell theory. EQ : What are the parts of the cell theory?. What is a cell?. A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions. Who first discovered cells?.

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Cell Structure & Function

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  1. Cell Structure & Function http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html

  2. Topic: Cell theory • EQ: What are the parts of the cell theory?

  3. What is a cell? A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

  4. Who first discovered cells? • Robert Hooke discovered the first cells. He built the first microscope. He then viewed cork from an oak tree. This is what he saw. He thought they looked like the little rooms, so he called them “cells”

  5. What part did microscopes play? • Microscopes allowed scientists to see cells and other things that were too small to be seen with just their eyes.

  6. Time passed on…. • Better microscopes were built and other scientists began to look for cells in other places………. • After many, many observations a theory was made…..called The Cell Theory

  7. Many scientists contributed to the cell theory. • The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope.

  8. Cell Theory The three principles of the cell theory: • 1. All living things are made up of cells. • 2. The cell is the smallest of all life • 3. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

  9. ISN 52 • Create a Cell Theory Bubble map

  10. Topic: Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells • Prokaryotic • Eukaryotic

  11. 2 Basic Types of Cells • Prokaryotes(prokaryotic cells) • Cells that DO NOT have a nucleus • Examples: bacteria • Eukaryotes (eukaryotic cells) • Cells that DO have a nucleus and other organelles • Examples: plant cells and animal cells

  12. Prokaryotic Cells

  13. Prokaryotic • DNA: free-floating, not surrounded by a membrane • Organelles: Not many organelles • Level of organization: One-celled (unicellular) • Size: small http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html

  14. Eukaryotic Plant Animal http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

  15. Eukaryotic Cells • DNA: surrounded by a membrane • Organelles: Many specialized parts • Level of Organization: Multicellular: plants, fungi, animals, and protists Size: larger

  16. Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell

  17. Homework

  18. Types of Cells http://www-class.unl.edu/bios201a/spring97/group6

  19. “Typical” Plant Cell http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif

  20. “Typical” Animal Cell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

  21. Cell Parts Organelles

  22. Topic: Cell Organelles (Shape and movementEQ: Explain the function of the 7 cell organelles.

  23. Shape and movement • Parts of a cell have unique functions. A cell is made up of different structures that keep it alive. They each have a different job.

  24. What is an organelle? • An organelle is a part of the cell that has a specific job. They are little organs or parts inside of a cell.

  25. What is the Nucleus? • Directs cell activities (Boss of the cell) • Contains genetic material – DNA • Found in Plant and Animal Cells

  26. What is the cell membrane? • Flexible covering • Protects and controls movement in and out of the cell • Found in plant & animal cells. It only allows certain materials to pass (selectively permeable) http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  27. What is a cell wall? • Only in plants • A stiff structure outside the cell membrane. • Adds support & helps the plant keep its shape. http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  28. What is the cytoskeleton? • A network of threadlike proteins that are joined together and help give the cell its shape and help it move.

  29. Directions • Cut out table on pg. 65 and glue in your ISN 56

  30. Movement of materials in a cell • EQ: Explain the function of the 7 cell organelles.

  31. How do materials move in and out of the cell? • Two processes: • A. Diffusion • B. Osmosis

  32. What is Cytoplasm? • A fluid inside a cell that contains salts and other molecules. • Surrounded by cell membrane

  33. What is diffusion? • The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. • Diffusion moves ALL KINDS of materials in/out of cells

  34. What does diffusion look like? • http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_diffusion_works.html

  35. What is osmosis? • The diffusion of water molecules through a membrane • This process refers to transferring only WATER in/out of cells

  36. What does osmosis look like? • Osmosis

  37. Why is osmosis and diffusion important? Both of these processes allows for things the cell need (water, nutrients, etc.) to get in and wastes have a way to leave out.

  38. Double-Bubble What is diffusion? What is osmosis? Where did you get this information? osmosis diffusion

  39. Topic: Cells Energy and Storage • EQ: Explain the function of the 7 cell organelles

  40. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Mitochondria • Nickname: “The Powerhouse” • Function: Energy formation • Breaks down food to make ATP • ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy

  41. Animal Cell Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Mitochondria Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies

  42. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Vacuoles • Function: stores water • Only in plant cells • This is what makes lettuce crisp • When there is no water, the plant wilts

  43. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Plant Cell Section 7-2 Vacuole Cell Membrane Go to Section:

  44. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Chloroplasts • Function: traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell • Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment • Found only in plant cells

  45. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Plant Cell Section 7-2 Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Go to Section:

  46. Nuclear Membrane • Surrounds nucleus • Made of two layers • Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  47. Chromosomes • In nucleus • Made of DNA • Contain instructions for traits & characteristics http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  48. Nucleolus • Inside nucleus • Contains RNA to build proteins http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  49. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Moves materials around in cell • Smooth type: lacks ribosomes • Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

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