Discussion Topics

2. Discussion Topics • Key Challenges for the Heavy Vehicle Driver-Vehicle Interface (DVI) • Design Solutions for Heavy Vehicle DVIs • Future Research and Development Needs

3. Key Driver-Vehicle Interface Challenges • Relative to passenger vehicles, heavy vehicles present a number of unique requirements and challenges for DVI design. • Vehicle characteristics • New sources of driver information and interaction

4. Key Driver-Vehicle Interface Challenges • Longer stopping distances • 30-40% greater than PVs • A key factor in collision warning design • Minimum stopping distances for • buses and trucks from FMVSS 121

5. Key Driver-Vehicle Interface Challenges • More blind spots • Greater than on PVs • Non-symmetrical • Requires unique visual scanning strategies * Figure adapted from: Transports Quebec. (2006). Heavy vehicle blind spots, collision danger zones. http://www.mtq.gouv.qc.ca/en/camionnage/lourds/campagne/index.asp

6. Key Driver-Vehicle Interface Challenges • Greater noise levels • Greater levels of road noise • Greater levels of engine noise • Average noise levels of 89 dBA* * From: Robinson, G., Casali, J., and Lee, S. (1997). The Role of Hearing in Commercial Motor Vehicle Operation: An Evaluation of the FHWA Hearing Requirement, Final Report. Blacksburg, VA.

7. Telephone and Internet Access (Automated Transactions) Driver Comfort and Convenience Cargo Identification Vehicle Diagnostics KING SHIPPING Low Friction Warning and Assistance Road Departure Collision Avoidance Vehicle Stability & Warning Assistance Sensor and Display Sensor and Display for Driver Condition Warning Key Driver-Vehicle Interface Challenges • Increased number of in-vehicle devices • Includes safety, convenience, and communication devices

8. Key Driver-Vehicle Interface Challenges • When do these DVI challenges present the greatest threat to driver safety? • Under high driver workload conditions • Crowded urban streets • Highway merge operations • Congested highways • When the driver is distracted • Perceiving and responding to multiple in-vehicle devices

9. Design Solutions for Heavy Vehicle DVIs

10. Design Solutions for Heavy Vehicle DVIs • Implications of new devices for DVI design: • integration of in-vehicle information and functions is the key human factors challenge for future in-vehicle technologies. • Requires a driver-centered approach to DVI development that: • reflects driver needs and wants for information, • provides seamless transitions between functions, • allocates functions between the driver and the automated systems in a purposeful manner, • allows drivers to access desired information, yet provides cues regarding information priority, and • supports accurate understanding and prediction of system operation by the driver.

11. Design Solutions for Heavy Vehicle DVIs • Human Factors methods to aid integration of the Heavy Vehicle DVI: • Identify display conflicts; i.e., shared physical space or temporal attributes • Evaluate vehicle kinematics to characterize timing and outcomes of key driving scenarios • Characterize driver information needs • Characterize driver state • Determine priorities among competing information sources & elements

12. Future Research and Development Needs • On-board methods for assessing driver state and workload • Methods for combining vehicle sensor data with driver state/workload data to determine real-time driver information needs • Impact of false/nuisance alerts on driver acceptance and performance