INFORMATION SOURCS AND REFERENCES BY Dr. D.K. VEER LIBRARIAN Dr. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR

1. INFORMATION SOURCS AND REFERENCES BY Dr. D.K. VEER LIBRARIAN Dr. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR MARATHWADA UNIVERSITY AURANGABAD

2. Documentary Sources of Information

3. Primary sources is judged by : • The reputation of the author • The trustworthiness of the Institution where the author • The standard of the journal and its publisher • Primary pub. Should fulfill 3 requirements: • A. The author must have made it clear in the publication that the research described has yielded new facts • B. The publication must include justification for the research; and • C. The publication must be a condensation of how the experiment ran.

4. Classification of Periodicals • By Organization : by non commercial, commercial • By Content : Archive and Specialized • Scientific Periodicals: Front cover title, vol, issue Number, year etc. • Periodicity : daily, weekly, fortnightly, monthly, bi-monthly, quarterly, six monthly, annually, bi- annually. • Trade Journals: Applied research pub by R&D. trade associations

5. Research Reports • Annual publication, • Pub. Under series • Research Organisations : NASA, IAEA , FAO • Examples: 1.US Govt. Research and Devt. Reports • 2. US Announcements in Science and Technology • 3. US AEC Nuclear Science Abstracts

6. Other primary sources • Annual Reports of organisations • Conference Proceedings • Reprints • Patents Literature • Standards : in terms of weight, size, lengths, qualities, composition, process of production etc. • Theses and Dissertations • Trade Literature : about their products, catalogue, guides, house journals etc.

7. Secondary Sources • Indexing Journals • Bibliography of Agriculture – 1 lakh titles • AGRINDEX – 2 to 2.5 lakhs titles • Science Citation Index – 3 lakhs articles per year • Abstracting Journals • Biological Abstracts • Chemical Abstracs • LISA • Research in Education by M.B. Buch

8. Secondary Sources cont… • Reviews and Surveys : narrative bibliography • Annual Reports • Reference Books • Textbooks

9. Tertiary Sources • Yearbook • Directories • Directories of forthcoming books • Directories of available books • Directories of organizations • Directories of people : Telephone Directory • Directories of research projects • Directories of theses in preparation • Bibliographies : INB, BNB etc. • Location List of Periodicals • Lists of abstracting and indexing Services • Guides • Lists of Research in Progress • Guides to professional organization

10. Electronic Sources • E-Documents : CD, DVD, CD-ROM • E-books • E-Journals

11. Internet as a source of Information • E-mail • Chat • Electronic Bulletin Board • Bibliographic Database access • Discussion groups • Learning without lectures by intranet • Online Document Delivery • Search Engines

12. Style Manual • APA – American Psychological Association • Chicago Style manual • MLA – Modern Language Association of America • Harvard University Style

13. APA Style of References • Book, one author • McKibben, B. (1992). The age of missing information. New York: Random House. • Book, multiple authors • Larson, G. W., Ellis, D. C.,& Rivers, P. C. (1984). Essentials of chemical dependency • counseling. New York: Columbia University Press. • Edited book (editor in place of author) • Inness, S. A. (Ed.). (1998). Delinquents and debutantes: Twentieth-century American • girls’ cultures. New York: New York University Press. • Edited book, multiple authors (editor in place of authors) • Moriarty, L. J., & Carter, D. L. (Eds.). (1998). Criminal justice technology in the 21st • century. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas.

14. APA Style of References cont… • Corporate authorship • Institute of Financial Education. (1982). Managing personal funds. Chicago: • Midwestern. • Reprinted or republished chapter • Freud, S. (1961). The ego and the id. In J. Strachey (Ed. and Trans.), The standard • edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 19, pp. 3-66). • London: Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1923) • Following the entry, enclose "Original work published" in parentheses, noting the • original date. • Chapter in a volume in a series • Maccoby, E.E., & Martin, J. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: Parentchild • interaction. In P.H. Mussen (Series Ed.) & E.M. Hetherington (Vol. Ed.), • Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 4. Socialization, personality, and social • development (4th ed., pp. 1-101). New York: Wiley. • Citing multivolume works • Wilson, J. G., & Fraser, F. C. (Eds.). (1977-1978). Handbook of teratology (Vols. 1-4).New York: Plenum Press.

15. APA Style of References cont--- • Unpublished master’s thesis • Paulosky, K. A. (1997). Knowledge and attitudes of pain and activities of nurse • administrators. Unpublished master’s thesis, Northern Michigan University, • Marquette, Michigan. • Articles in Professional/Scholarly Journals • Article in a journal (continuous pagination throughout volume) • Burke, R. J., Shearer, D., & Deszca, E. (1984). Correlates of burnout phases among • police officers. Group and Organizational Studies, 9, 451-466. • Article in a journal (paginated by issue) • Berkerian, D. A. (1993). The ADA and the hiring process in organizations. Consulting • Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 45(2), 10-36. • Citing articles in monthly periodicals • Chandler-Crisp, S. (1988, May) "Aerobic writing": A writing practice model. Writing • Lab Newsletter, pp. 9-11. • Citing articles in weekly periodicals • Kauffmann, S. (1993, October 18). On films: Class consciousness. The New • Republic, p.30. • Article in a Popular Magazine • Caloyianis, N. (1998, September). Greenland sharks. National Geographic, 194, 60- • 71. • Article in a Newspaper (Discontinuous pages) • Von Drehle, D. (2000, January 15). Russians unveil new security plan. The • Washington Post, pp. A1, A21.

16. APA cont… • Proceedings of Meetings & Symposia • Published Proceedings Barlow, D. H., Chorpita, B. F., & Turovsky, J. (1996). Fear, panic, anxiety, and disorders of Emotion. In R. Dienstbier (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation: Vol. 43. Perspectives on anxiety, panic, and fear (pp. 251-328). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. • Wassenaar, L. I., & Hobson, K. A. (1998). Natal origins of migratory monarch butterflies at wintering colonies in Mexico: New isotopic evidence. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 95, 15436-15439.

17. ELECTRONIC SOURCES • Landis, B. (1996). Carlisle Indian Industrial School history. Retrieved September 20,2001, from http://home.epix.net/~landis/histry.html

18. Conclusion • In the age of information explosion, information is produced in variety of ways. It is necessary to concentrate on the information : • where is generated? • How it is generated? • How it will be accessed? • What is search strategy for accessing information?

19. THANK YOU