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Roman Republic & Roman Empire

Roman Republic & Roman Empire. Romulus & Remus Birth of Rome (753 BCE). The Early Italian Peninsula. Birth of the Republic 509 BCE. Tarquinius Superbus End of Monarchy Patricians Plebeians. Executive, Legislative & Judicial Branches. Res publica SPQR Checks & Balances

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Roman Republic & Roman Empire

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  1. Roman Republic & Roman Empire

  2. Romulus & RemusBirth of Rome (753 BCE)

  3. The Early Italian Peninsula

  4. Birth of the Republic509 BCE • Tarquinius Superbus • End of Monarchy • Patricians • Plebeians

  5. Executive, Legislative & Judicial Branches • Res publica • SPQR • Checks & Balances • Blend of monarchy, democracy & aristocracy • Plebeians Gain Rights (494-287 BCE) • Twelve Tables (451BCE) • Consuls • Dictators • Magistrates • Praetors • Senate • Assembly • Tribune • Census • Pontifex Maximus

  6. The Roman Forum

  7. Temple of Antoninus & Faustina, Temple of Divus Julius, Arch of Constantine, House of Vestal, Temple of Castor & Pollux

  8. Circus Maximus Ben Hur Chariot Scene

  9. Roman Expansion:The Punic Wars

  10. 1st Punic War(264-241 BCE) • Cultural Diffusion • Added Corvis for land-based army!

  11. 2nd Punic War(218-202 BCE) • Carthage has trouble paying indemnity • Takes over Spanish Silver Mines to help • Saguntum (Carthage City) asked Rome for help… • Enter Hannibal Barca • Scipio Africanus?

  12. 3rd Punic War (149-146 BCE)

  13. Raized Carthage & Salt the Earth? Carthago delenda est!

  14. Roman Expansion Post Punic Wars

  15. Societal Problems Punic Wars Gap Between Rich & Poor Soldiers Can’t Rebuild Sell Land/Farm Farms, Shops, Homes Razed Proletariat Riots, Discontent, Reforms, Bread & Circuses, Dole

  16. Gracchi Brothers & Land ReformsRobin Hood of Rome? • The wolves & the bears have dens to rest and sleep. But the men who fight their country’s battles have nothing…You fight and die only for the wealth and luxury of others. You are called the masters of the world, but you do not have a single clod of earth to call your own! ~Tiberius Gracchus, Tribune Official

  17. The 1st Triumvirate (60-53 BCE) • Reasons for Coalition • Caesar: savy politician Veni, Vedi, Vici • Crassus: money, lots of money • Pompey: Senate & veterans adored him

  18. Gained Territory in Spain and Gaul • Political & Economic Reforms • Crassus’ defeat & death • Crossing the Rubicon: The Point of No Return; The Die Is Now Cast • Cleopatra’s & Ptolemy XIII’s Civil War From Assassination to Civil War Video Julius Caesar: The Dictator

  19. Caesar made a number of reforms - new calendar, codification of the law (reformed the 12 Tables), restricted grain dole • Caesar killed March 15, 44 BCE (Ides) • Brutus and Cassius involved in plot • 2nd Triumvirate formed, Octavian, Marc Antony & Lepidus

  20. Octavian – Caesar’s nephew and heir • Brutus and Cassius defeated at Battle of Philippi • Also famous orator and senator, Cicero was killed because he had spoken out against Caesar • Marc Antony meets Cleopatra in Egypt & forms an alliance

  21. Marc Antony divorces Octavian’s sister and marries Cleopatra • MA & C go to war against Octavian • 31 BCE Octavian defeats them at the Battle of Actium, off the coast of Greece • Marc Antony commits suicide. Cleopatra also commits suicide (Asp – member of the cobra family)

  22. Trade Routes

  23. Via Appia

  24. From Republic to Empire: Augustus I left Rome a city of marble, though I found it a city of bricks!

  25. Pax Romana (27 BCE-180 CE)

  26. Pax Romana’s Achievements

  27. Coliseum

  28. Inside the Coliseum

  29. Inside the Coliseum

  30. Pantheon

  31. Pantheon’s Ocular

  32. Pantheon Interior by Giovanni Pannini (18th c.)

  33. Hadrian’s Wall

  34. Roman Arch Bridge in Segovia

  35. Segovia’s Aqueduct

  36. Trajan’s Column

  37. Diocletian’s Reforms & Tetrarchy

  38. Arch of Constantine

  39. Milvian Bridge

  40. Things That Make You Say HMMM…

  41. Pompeii Pompeii: The Last Day

  42. Civic Forum: Temple of Jupiter & City Market

  43. Mosaic Tiled Floors

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