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Roman Empire

Roman Empire. Decline of the Roman Republic. Main causes for the decline of the republic. Spread of slavery in agriculture Migration and unemployment of small farmers Inflation Civil war over power of Julius Caesar. Civil war. First triumvirate takes power (60 BCE) F all of triumvirate.

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Roman Empire

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  1. Roman Empire

  2. Decline of the Roman Republic • Main causes for the decline of the republic • Spread of slavery in agriculture • Migration and unemployment of small farmers • Inflation • Civil war over power of Julius Caesar

  3. Civil war • First triumvirate takes power (60 BCE) • Fall of triumvirate • Julius Caesar • Crassus • Pompey • Crassus dies • Pompey becomes consul

  4. Civil war • Caesar marches on Rome, starting civil war • Pompey is killed in Egypt • Caesar gains complete control of Rome • Julius Caesar passes popular reforms • Senators later assassinate Julius Caesar

  5. Second triumvirate • Officially in power (43-33 BCE) • War between Octavian and Antony • Octavian (Augustus Caesar) • Lepidus • Marc Antony • Octavian wins • Becomes first emperor of Rome – Augustus Caesar

  6. Roman Empire • Augustus unifies and enlarges empire • Issues of emperor • Using imperial authority • Military • No peaceful transition process

  7. Expansion of Roman Empire • Rome expands to: • Secures expansion of Republic • Asia Minor • British Isles

  8. Expansion of Roman Empire

  9. PaxRomana • What was the PaxRomana? • Begins under Augustus Caesar • Two centuries of peace and prosperity • Expansion and solidification of Roman Empire

  10. PaxRomana • Economic impact of PaxRomana • Uniform money system • Expanded trade • Very good road • Safe travel • Prosperity and stability

  11. PaxRomana • Social impact of PaxRomana • Political impact of PaxRomana • Returned stability to social classes • Increased emphasis on family • Created civil service • Uniform rule of law

  12. Cultural Contributions - Pantheon Temple in Rome honoring all the Roman gods and goddesses. Today it is a church

  13. Cultural Contributions – Colosseum Home of popular spectacle, such as gladiator battles and chariot races.

  14. Cultural Contributions - Forum Center of commerce and government in Rome.

  15. Cultural contributions – Aqueducts Aqueducts were bridges used to transport water. They supplied water for drinking and baths.

  16. Cultural Contributions - Roads

  17. Cultural Contributions - Arches

  18. Cultural Contributions • Science • Public Health • Ptolemy • Public health • Public water systems • Medicals schools

  19. Cultural Contributions • Language • Literature • Latin • Romance languages • Virgil’s Aeneid

  20. Cultural Contributions • Law • Twelve Tables – Innocent until proven guilty

  21. Christianity • Founder • Roots in Judaism • Holy Book • Jesus of Nazareth (Jesus Christ) • Monotheistic religion • First followers were Jewish • The Bible • New Testament – accounts of Jesus’ life and teachings of early Christians

  22. Christianity • Foundational Beliefs • Jesus was son and incarnation of God • Life after death exists • Peace, love, and justice • God loves the poor and lowly

  23. Christianity • Spread of Christianity • Message very popular with the poor • Apostles spread word though Roman Empire • Paul of Tarsus main preacher

  24. Christianity • Persecution of Christians • Conflicted with polytheism of Roman Empire • Martyrs inspired others

  25. Christianity • Christianity becomes legal in 313 • Emperor Constantine converts • Later becomes official state religion

  26. Christianity • Christianity as an important moral force • Church councils establish doctrine • Church (Pope) becomes more important than Emperor • Unifying force in Western Europe

  27. Fall of Rome • Large size • Economy • Military • Hard to defend and control large area • Falling value of Roman money • Expensive to defend • Non-Romans in Army were not loyal to Rome

  28. Fall of Rome • Moral decay • Political issues • Invasion • Loss of faith in Rome by people • Conflicts in government • Weak rulers • Attacks on borders • Eventual attack on Rome itself

  29. Fall of Rome • Rome is divided in two • Fall of Western Roman Empire • Emperor Constantine moves capital to Byzantium, renames it Constantinople • Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire) • Last Roman Emperor in Rome in 476 CE

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