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April 2013

April 2013. Power Quality, Harmonics and Accuracy. Agenda. What is Power Quality Improving Power Quality Power Quality in SATEC products Accuracy Standards. What is Power Quality?. Definitions of the quality of the supplied voltage (what about the current?)

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April 2013

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  1. April 2013 Power Quality, Harmonics and Accuracy

  2. Agenda • What is Power Quality • Improving Power Quality • Power Quality in SATEC products • Accuracy Standards

  3. What is Power Quality? • Definitions of the quality of the supplied voltage (what about the current?) • Usually referred in negative contexts – power quality problems • Measurement • IEC 61000-4-7 Voltage Flicker • IEC 61000-4-15 Harmonic Measurement • IEC 61000-4-30 Measurement Accuracy (“Class A”, “Class S”) • IEC 62052/3-11, 22, 23 Energy Accuracy (“Class 0.2S”, “Class 0.5S”) • Power Quality • BS:EN 50160: In use worldwide, in favor of the utilities, voltage only, statistical standard • IEEE 519 and IEEE 1159: American standards, practical point of view • GOST 13019: Russian standard, very comprehensive • G5/4: British standard for Harmonics (also current) • Customized: Allows the user to select the best of all, including fault recording, waveform capture and more

  4. Power Quality Parameters Frequency Voltage Variations Voltage Flicker Voltage Dip

  5. Power Quality Parameters Interruptions Temporary Overvoltage Transients

  6. Power Quality Parameters Unbalance Harmonics Interharmonics

  7. Harmonics + =

  8. IEEE1159-EN50160 Levels

  9. THD-Total Harmonic Distortion IN, VN – Individual Harmonics of order N

  10. TDD - Total Demand Distortion (I) TDD - נותן אפשרות להעריך את הנזקים הנגרמים ע"י הרמוניותבזרמים. כאשרI max. demand - ערך מקסימלי של זרם הנמדד במחזור זמן של 15 דקות או 30 דקות לתקופה כוללת של שנה. פרמטר – THD I% לא נותן אפשרות להעריך את הנזקים הנגרמים ע"י הרמוניות בזרמים כי הוא לא מתייחס לזרמים נומינליים וכאשר הזרם ברשת נמוך הוא נותן הערכה לא נכונה. מסיבה זו בתקן IEEE עבור זרמים מוגדר פרמטר TDD %.

  11. K-Factor

  12. Agenda • What is Power Quality • Improving Power Quality • Power Quality in SATEC products • Accuracy Standards

  13. Should we Care about Power Quality? Comprehensive Research in Europe in 1400 sites at 8 countries reports that 20% experience the following: • Computer lockouts (20%) • Light flickering (22%) • Electronic card failures (18%) • Power Factor correction system failures (17%) • Failures in high load switching (16%) • Neutral conductor overheating (12%) • Unexpected breaker operation (11%) • Power meters inaccurate readings (6%) And of course excess losses and downtime

  14. Causes and Solutions

  15. Agenda • What is Power Quality • Improving Power Quality • Power Quality in SATEC products • Accuracy Standards

  16. The Full Range of Electricity Management Solutions for Every Application PAS ExpertPower™ Server (Service Edition) ExpertPower™ Server (Pro Edition) Internet LAN ETC2002 RS232/422/485, Profibus, TCP/IP, Dialup modem, GPRS, RF, USB Modbus RTU, ASCII, DNP3.0, Modbus/TCP, DNP3/TCP, Profibus, IEC 61850, IEC 60870 EM132/3 PM130 PLUS PM135 BFM136 C192PF PM172 PM174/5 EM720 EM920 PM180 ezPAC Substation Automation Asset Management Power Measurement Fault Recording Energy Efficiency & Cost Allocation Revenue Metering Energy Management & Billing Smart Grid & Demand Response Power Quality Analysis Multi-Tenant Submetering UTILITIES & RENEWABLE ALL COMMERCIAL & INDUSTRIAL

  17. Built in analysis to international power quality standards such as EN50160, IEEE1159, G5/4 and GOST • Automatic alerts for preventive maintenance • From simple compliance chart to sophisticated expert analysis screens

  18. EN 50160 Summary Report

  19. List of Events

  20. EN50160 Compliance Trends

  21. ITI (CBEMA) Curve

  22. Deep Analysis of a Dip

  23. TDD at 22kV

  24. High Individual Harmonics

  25. Agenda • What is Power Quality • Improving Power Quality • Power Quality in SATEC products • Accuracy Standards

  26. Full Scale (FS) vs. Reading • FS = Full Scale, error in percents from the maximum rating • Example:Meter with 0.5% FS accuracy connected to 1000A transformer, the error is 5A. In 500A load the accuracy is 1% (5/500) • Reading = Error from the measured value • In the above example, the 0.5% error will be also in low load, which means 2.5A only

  27. Accuracy vs. Standard • Various measurement conditions • Load • Harmonics • Power Factor • Frequency • and more… • Various ambient conditions • Temperature • EMC (the device and the accuracy) • Humidity • and more… • Tests by independent lab • Accuracy stability over time(SATEC is approved for 8 years)

  28. Power Factor and Cos  • DPF = Displacement Power Factor (Cos φ) • TPF = True Power Factor (incl. harmonics) Conclusion – practically there is no unity Power Factor.

  29. Meter Class 0.5 AccuracyIEC 62053-11

  30. CT Class 0.5 Accuracy IEC 60044-1

  31. System Accuracy

  32. Meter Class 0.5S AccuracyIEC 62053-22

  33. CT Class 0.5S Accuracy IEC 60044-1

  34. System Accuracy

  35. HACS – High Accuracy Current Sensors • SATEC devices has numerous amplitude and phase calibration points

  36. System Accuracy

  37. Comparison

  38. Accuracy is for Engineers,Money is for Decision Makers • 1000 kVA transformer • 80% load • 0.90 Power Factor • 0.15 US$/kWh • The difference between0.6% to 1.58% equals toUS$ 9,272 each year

  39. Accuracy Standard Pyramid Class A 61000-4-30 Class S Class 0.2S 62053-22 Class 0.5S Min. Acceptable Class 0.5 Class 1 IEC 62053-11 Class 2 %Readings %FS (Full Scale) Not included: Class B – meaningless Class 0.1, 0.2 – only for CTs No stated accuracy

  40. SATECEmpowering the Smart Gridwww.satec-global.com

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