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THE STARK INCIDENT DAMAGE DIRECT DAMAGE COST CAME TO $142,000,000. LOSS OF LIFE 37 PEOPLE

THE STARK INCIDENT DAMAGE DIRECT DAMAGE COST CAME TO $142,000,000. LOSS OF LIFE 37 PEOPLE PERSONAL INJURY 5. Major Conflagration. BIG Damage Conventional DC Organization / Procedures cannot handle; improvisation dominates Could involve mass casualties.

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THE STARK INCIDENT DAMAGE DIRECT DAMAGE COST CAME TO $142,000,000. LOSS OF LIFE 37 PEOPLE

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  1. THE STARK INCIDENT • DAMAGE • DIRECT DAMAGE COST CAME TO $142,000,000. • LOSS OF LIFE 37 PEOPLE • PERSONAL INJURY 5

  2. Major Conflagration • BIG Damage • Conventional DC Organization / Procedures cannot handle; improvisation dominates • Could involve mass casualties

  3. Major Conflag Complicating Factors • “Fog of War” and Confusion • Lack of Timely Information • False Information • High Stress • Loss of Key Personnel due to Injury • Damage to Communication Systems • Reduced Internal Access DCA BE READY FOR ALL OF THESE

  4. USS Stark Background • Arabian Gulf Operations, 17 May 1987 (Sunday night) • DC Readiness • 87% Gen DC Qual • 61% Recent live F/Fing training • 3 former DCAs • 14 DCTT members

  5. USS Stark Background • DC Equipment • 34 OBAs / 331 canisters (18 / 108 req’d) • 100% Repair locker inventory • Not yet in the fleet • NFTI, PECU, FFE • Smoke curtains • Deck drains in topside compartments • Photo luminescent. paint

  6. DESCRIPTION OF INCIDENT: - THE INITIAL ATACK - THE FIRE / CAUSE - FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE SPREAD OF FIRE

  7. USS Stark Chronology • 2109 Two missiles hit (20 sec interval) • First missile hits port side frame 110 • Port side firemain severed • Missile traverse 2nd deck, doesn’t detonate • Punctures stbd hull frame 171 (80’ from entry) • Second missile hits port side frame 100 • “Detonates” approx 3 ft inside hull, below main deck • GQ sounded

  8. Missile 2 entry with detonation Missile 1 entry MER AMR – 1 AMR – 2 AMR – 3

  9. Missile Sustainer Nozzle Found Warhead Found MISSILE # 1 FIREMAIN

  10. Estimated FIRE involvement 10 Seconds after 1st Missile

  11. Ruptured Firemain MISSILE # 2 WTD blown off hinges Area of Detonation for 2nd Missile

  12. Estimated FIRE involvement 10 Seconds after 2nd Missile

  13. USS Stark Immediate Effects • Blast creates gaping hole in hull port side main and second deck • Instantaneous heat (approx 12 million BTUs - equivalent to 155 gals JP-5) • Space fire totally involved (flashover)

  14. USS Stark Port Side Damage

  15. USS Stark Chronology • 2115 (T+5) Initial actions / effects • Ship slows from 24 kts to 15 kts • Main spaces manned by junior personnel, senior personnel directed to fight fires • Rep 2 degraded due to number of senior personnel casualties • HT1 / Air Det try start P-250, ship going too fast to keep suction hose in water

  16. USS Stark Chronology • 2115 (T+5) Initial actions / effects • CIC filled with smoke, total loss of power • Repair 2/5 areas filled with smoke • Firemain pressure drops to 60 PSI • XO enroute to bridge orders Stinger missiles & O-3 level .50 cal ammo jettisoned • Five personnel fall ovbd through hole • TAO attempts to rig P-250 on foc’sle

  17. Estimated FIRE involvement 10 MINUTES after 1st Missile

  18. USS Stark Chronology • (T+15) ENC (REP 5) reports Z set, sends out first OBA team • (T+17) CO on bridge, fire pumps restarted, only 60 PSI • (T+25) XO directing F/Fing effort from flight deck • (T+28) FM press restored aft of FR 180 by starting NR 1, 2, and 3 firepumps and isolating F/M at FR 180 and 232. • (T+33) Repair 2 untenable, aft blkhd (fr 64) reported glowing red

  19. Estimated FIRE involvement 1 HOUR after 1st Missile

  20. USS Stark Chronology • (T+1:35) S & P lines rigged between bridge, aft steering, CCS; majority of port side amidships and fwd on fire • (T+1:55) CO orders all stop so P-250 on foc’sle can maintain suction; GMG3 uses O-2 level hose to cool missiles

  21. USS Stark Chronology • (T+1:55) cont. • foc’sle isolated by heat and flames, paint peeling on inside of missile magazine • F/Fing efforts coord. from flight deck, initial efforts focus on Wardroom and CPO qtrs

  22. USS Stark Chronology • (T+2:20) Salvage tug alongside and directed to cool stbd side and missile mag with water cannon. 4 OS’s remaining in CIC to draft messages, finally leave due to heavy smoke.

  23. USS Stark Chronology • 0000, Monday 18 May (T+2:55), ship listing 16 degs to port • 0029 (+3:19) B fire in AMR 1 reported • 0058 (+3:48) AMR fire extinguished with Halon

  24. 3 HOURS after 1st Missile 2ND DECK Estimated FIRE involvement

  25. USS Stark Chronology • 0114 (+4:04) Ship exhausts OBA canister supply, fire regains in wardroom, CPO quarters • 0134 (+4:24) DDG-24 motor whaleboat delivers medical and DC supplies • 0200 (+4:50) Helo arrives with Dr and OBA canisters, takes injured personnel. 76MM magazine is flooded

  26. USS Stark Chronology • 0227 (+5:17) Conyngham 2 nm away, preparing motor whaleboat with DC equip. AC mach room escape trunk discovered filled with boiling water • 0230 DC deck too hot to fight fires, foc’sle P-250 burns up • 0300 (+5:50) Fatigue and lack of water affects f/fing effort

  27. USS Stark Chronology • 0352 (+6:42) Stark does not have enough men to support reflash watches. Holes cut in main deck around GMLS magazine to assist with dewatering efforts. • 0400 List to 17 degs, dewatering amidships p-way • 0500 (+7:50) HT3 is relieved from DCC watch to dewater CPO p-way, but cannot continue due to smoke

  28. USS Stark Chronology • First light - R & A teams from DDGs 17 & 24 arrive.

  29. USS Stark Chronology • 0700 (+9:50) Door to RICER is opened and very hot water pours out about 2” above hatch lip • 0900 (+11:50) The stbd side fan room becomes a problem when RICER burns through and COs cabin deck falls in

  30. KEY BUCKLED DECK: FIRE DAMAGE: HOLED/MELTED: FRAG DAMAGE: MAIN DECK MAIN DECK 1-100-1-Q Fan 1-140-1-L 1-152-1-Q Fan 1-171-1-L ST RM 1-164-1-L ST Rm 1-100-0-C RICER 1-151-1-L WC 1-180-0-L WardRM 1-140-0-L ST RM 1-148-0-L 1-156-2-L ST RM 1-164-2-L ST RM 1-172-2-L ST RM 1-140-2-L ST RM 1-100-2-Q Fan 1-108-2-L 1-108-2-L MAIN DECK

  31. MELTED/COLLAPSED DECK BUCKLED BULKHEAD 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 STANCHION FAILURE BUCKLED BULKHEAD KEY BUCKLED DECK: FIRE DAMAGE: HOLED/MELTED: FRAG DAMAGE: 01 LEVEL 01 LEVEL 01-156-1-C Radio Xmtr 01-180-1-Q Fan 01-193-0-Q STIR Equp Rm 01-140-1-Q CIC admin 01-100-0-L CO ST RM 4-203-0-T Elevator Trunk 01-151-0-Q Elect CLG Equip Rm 01-113-0-C CIC 01-140-0-C SONAR 01-208-2-A Ele STRM 01-204-2-A Boat rm 01-180-0-Q AN/SPS 55 Air Nav Rm 01-156-0-C Communications Center 01-100-2-C Missile Launch 01-108-4-L 01-108-4-L

  32. USS Stark Chronology • 0907 (+11:57) Four men recovered by Saudi helo • 1000 (+12:50) Fire contained to RICER, CIC and CMAA p-way. Missile mag cooling, less concern about cook off • 1020 Fifth man recovered by Waddell

  33. USS Stark Chronology • 1100 (+13:50) Men getting very tired. CWO (LaSalle DCA) and DC team arrive, note 18 deg list. Directs dewater missile mag using P-250, recommends cutting holes into CIC • 1215 (+15:05) #1 FFP discovered to be flooding fwd spaces through a rupture and is secured.

  34. USS Stark Chronology • 1240 (+15:30) Fresh f/fing teams from LaSalle and Reid arrive and are sent to CIC/RICER. • 1300 Attempts to cut through superstructure into CIC with OXY-ACET torch fails, axes used.

  35. USS Stark Chronology • 1521 (+18:11) 16 bodies recovered, brought topside. 86 men from other ships onboard. List currently 10 deg. • 1530 CIC fire under control. • 1600 Stark made ready for towing by DDG-17. • 1700 (+19:50) Fire in CIC, most others, extinguished.

  36. USS Stark Chronology • 1800 (+20:50) Stark listing 3-5 deg, under tow by DDG-17. Tuesday, 19 May • 0200 (+28:50) More fires and reflashes occur throughout the night. • 0400 (+30:50) Reflash in IC repair shop; roving patrols are established; warhead is identified.

  37. USS Stark Chronology • 1340 (+40:30) Stark on an even keel. Emergency power rigged, hot spots cooled, 24 bodies identified, 11 bodies unidentified, 2 still missing • 2330 Stark moored outboard LaSalle.

  38. USS Stark Chronology View from Bridge

  39. DAMAGE

  40. 76 MAG TOTAL DAMAGE CIC RICER IC Gyro Berthing CPO GMLS MAG MER AMR – 3 AMR – 2 AMR – 1

  41. SURVIVABILITY LESSONS LEARNED - FIREMAIN - PUMPS - PERSONNEL PROTECTION EQP (PPE)

  42. USS Stark Lessons Learned (Selected) • Weapons effect likely to yield immediate loss of firemain due to damaged sections - must reconfigure, use portable pumps • Smoke spread is immediate problem, leading effects of heat and flame - stop it • Aluminum likely to allow fast vertical fire spread (800 F Aluminum sags under own weight) - deck cooling, venting, indirect attack

  43. USS Stark Lessons Learned • During extended f/fing, water, food and rest periods essential to keep crew going • High FFW substantially decreased Stability • Protective clothing essential • Comms were lost - practice • Reflash watches were essential • Develop quick-opening EEBD container bags that are resistant to grease, water and other friction-reducing solvents.

  44. SURVIVABILITY IMPROVEMENT INITIATIVES • OUTFITTING / PROCUREMENT • ONGOING PROVISIONS ACTIONS: • DC WIFCOM • NFTI • MORE OBA’S • MORE FFE’S • PRE-RIGGED SMOKE CURTAINS • FORCIBLE TOOL ENTRY • MORE VERSATILE/JP-5 FUELED PUMPS • - ESTABLISHED PERSIAN GULF BASE KIT - $60 MILLION CONGRESSIONAL APPROPRIATIONS

  45. “The fact that USS STARK suffered no deaths or serious injuries in connection with their damage control efforts is directly attributable to the clear thinking, exceptional courage and extraordinary heroism displayed by many of its officers and crewmembers.” --Rear Admiral Grant Sharp, USN CDR, Cruise-Destroyer Group Two Formal Investigation Team

  46. How would it be different if it happened to your ship? …or would it?

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