Local Pollinators of the Washington, D.C., Area Edward M. Barrows

1. Local Pollinators of the Washington, D.C., Area Edward M. Barrows Laboratory of Entomology & Biodiversity Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. November 2004

2. WDC Area Montgomery Co., MD Prince Georges Co., MD WDC Fairfax Co., VA

3. Outline I. Background Information II. Kinds of Actual and Possible Local Animal Pollinators III. Some Pollinator Places in the WDC Area (public and private)

4. I. What is a pollinator? n. An agent that places pollen on the stigma of a flower.

5. What are the kinds of pollinators? Birds (Honeycreepers, Hummingbirds, Sunbirds, etc.) Insects (many kinds) Mammals (bats, some lemurs, Humans, etc.) Molluscs? (some slugs?) Reptiles Water Wind

6. Which insects pollinate? Ants Bees Beetles Bugs? Butterflies Flies Moths Thrips Wasps Etc.

7. Why is pollination important? Promotes seed and fruit production. Directly affects much of the food consumed by Humans and other organisms. Is a major force in Earth’s ecology.

8. II. Kinds of Actual and Possible Local Animal Pollinators Bees Beetles Butterflies Flies Moths Thrips Wasps Some other arthropods Ruby-throated Hummingbird

9. Main Local Animal Pollinators Bees Flies

10. Main Local Animal Pollinators Bees (Apiformes) About 250 species in the WDC Area. About 170 species in WDC. (5 taxonomic families) (Database of John S. Ascher and Sam Droege, 2004)

11. Main Local Animal Pollinators Miner Bees (Andrenidae) (about 45 species in WDC)

12. Main Local Animal Pollinators Andrena sp. (miner bee, 5 mm long, Andrenidae) on Erica cv. (heather) (Maryland, March 2004)

13. Main Local Animal Pollinators Apid Bees (Apidae) (about 59 species in WDC)

14. Main Local Animal Pollinators The Honey Bee (Apidae)

15. Main Local Animal Pollinators: Bees Apis mellifera (Honey Bee, 12 mm long, alien species, Apidae) on Apocynum medium (Medium Indian Hemp) (Maryland, July 2004)

16. Main Local Animal Pollinators: Bees Apis mellifera (Honey Bee, 12 mm long, alien species, Apidae) on Centaurea jacea (Asteraceae) (New York, October 2004)

17. Main Local Animal Pollinators Bumble Bees (Apidae) (about 10 species in the Area)

18. Main Local Animal Pollinators: Bees Bombus fraternus (Fraternal Bumble Bee, 12 mm long, Apidae) on Agastache rugosa (Korean Hyssop) (Maryland, August 2003)

19. Main Local Animal Pollinators: Bees Bombus fraternus (Fraternal Bumble Bee, 12 mm long, Apidae) on Agastache rugosa (Korean Hyssop) (Maryland, August 2003)

20. Main Local Animal Pollinators: Bees Bombus vagans (Wandering Bumble Bee, 15 mm long, Apidae) on Apocynum medium (Medium Indian Hemp) (Maryland, June 2004)

21. Main Local Animal Pollinators: Bees Bombus vagans (Wandering Bumble Bee, 15 mm long, Apidae) on Helianthus annuus cultivar (Annual Sunflower) (Maryland, August 2003)

22. Main Local Animal Pollinators: Bees Bombus vagans (Wandering Bumble Bee, 15 mm long, Apidae) on Helianthus annuus cultivar (Annual Sunflower) (Maryland, August 2003)

23. Main Local Animal Pollinators: Bees Bombus vagans (Wandering Bumble Bee, 15 mm long, Apidae) on Helianthus annuus cultivar (Annual Sunflower) (Maryland, August 2003)

24. Main Local Animal Pollinators Carpenter Bees (Apidae) (5 species in WDC)

25. Main Local Animal Pollinators: Bees Ceratina sp. (little carpenter bee, Apidae) on Inula near helenium (Asteraceae) (River Farm, Virginia, August 2004)

26. Main Local Animal Pollinators: Bees Xylocopa virginica virginica (Large Carpenter Bee, 22 mm long, Apidae) on Celosia cv. (Cockscomb) (Virginia, August 2003)

27. Main Local Animal Pollinators: Bees Nectar robbing: Xylocopa virginica virginica (Large Carpenter Bee, 22 mm long, Apidae) on Nicotiana sylvestris (Flowering Tobacco) (Maryland, August 2004)

28. Main Local Animal Pollinators: Bees Nectar robbing: Xylocopa virginica virginica (Large Carpenter Bee, 22 mm long, Apidae) on Salvia guaranitica (salvia, Lamiaceae) (Maryland, October 2004)

29. Main Local Animal Pollinators: Bees Nomada sp. (nomada bee, parasitic, 8 mm long, Apidae) on Ranunculus bulbosa (Bulbous Buttercup, alien, Ranunculaceae) (Maryland, October 2004)

30. Main Local Animal Pollinators Plasterer Bees & Yellow-faced Bees (Colletidae) (about 7 species in WDC)

31. Main Local Animal Pollinators: Bees Hylaeus sp. (yellow-faced bee, 5 mm long, Colletidae) on Erigeron annuus (Daisy Fleabane) (Maryland, August 2004)

32. Main Local Animal Pollinators: Bees Colletes thoracicus (Polyester Bee, 12 mm long, Colletidae) on Taraxicum officinale (Common Dandelion) (New Jersey, May 2003)

33. Main Local Animal Pollinators: Bees Taraxicum officinale (Common Dandelion) (Vermont, October 2004) Pollination >>>> seeds

34. Main Local Animal Pollinators: Bees Taraxicum officinale (Common Dandelion) (Vermont, October 2004)

35. Main Local Animal Pollinators Sweat Bees (Halictidae) (about 37 species in WDC)

36. Main Local Animal Pollinators: Bees Agapostemon virescens (sweat bee, Halictidae) on Oenothera fruticosa (Sundrops) (Maryland, June 2004)

37. Main Local Animal Pollinators: Bees Agapostemon virescens (sweat bee, Halictidae) on Oenothera fruticosa (Sundrops) (Maryland, June 2004)

38. Main Local Animal Pollinators: Bees Agapostemon virescens (sweat bee, Halictidae) on Oenothera fruticosa (Sundrops) (Maryland, June 2004)

39. Main Local Animal Pollinators: Bees Agapostemon virescens (sweat bee, Halictidae) on Aster oblongifolius (Shale Barrens Aster) (Maryland, October 2004)

40. Main Local Animal Pollinators: Bees Agapostemon virescens (sweat bee, Halictidae) in a web of an orb-web spider (Maryland, October 2004)

41. Main Local Animal Pollinators: Bees Lasioglossum coeruleum (Blue Sweat Bee, 4 mm long, Halictidae) on Apocynum medium (Medium Indian Hemp) (Maryland, July 2004)

42. Main Local Animal Pollinators: Bees Lasioglossum sp. (sweat bee, Halictidae) on Cirsium vulgare (Bull Thistle, alien species) (Maryland, August 2004)

43. Main Local Animal Pollinators: Bees Lasioglossum imitatum (Imitating Sweat Bee, 3 mm long, Halictidae) on Lagerstroemea cv. (crape myrtle, alien species) (Maryland, July 2001)

44. Main Local Animal Pollinators: Bees Lasioglossum sp. (sweat bee, 5 mm long, Halictidae) on Potentilla recta (Rough-fruited Cinquefoil, alien species) (Michigan, June 2004)

45. Main Local Animal Pollinators: Bees Lasioglossum sp. (sweat bee, 5 mm long, Halictidae) on Aster oblongifolium (Shale Barrens Aster) (Maryland, October 2004)

46. Main Local Animal Pollinators: Bees Lasioglossum sp. (sweat bee, 5 mm long, Halictidae) in a funnel-web spider web (Maryland, October 2004)

47. Main Local Animal Pollinators: Bees A funnel-web spider web (Maryland, September* 2004)

48. Main Local Animal Pollinators: Bees Augochloropsis metallica (Metallic Gold-green Sweat Bee, 5 mm long, Halictidae) on Apocynum medium (Medium Indian Hemp) (Maryland, July 2004)

49. Main Local Animal Pollinators: Bees Augochlora pura (Gold-green Sweat Bee, female, 6 mm long, Halictidae) on Aster oblongifolius (Shale Barrens Aster, Asteraceae) (Maryland, September 2004)

50. Main Local Animal Pollinators: Bees Augochlora pura (Gold-green Sweat Bee, female, 6 mm long, Halictidae) on Aster oblongifolius (Shale Barrens Aster, Asteraceae) (Maryland, September 2004)