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The Growth of the Nation 1800-1860

The Growth of the Nation 1800-1860. Election of 1800. John Adams vs. Thomas Jefferson Adam lost by 8 votes Jefferson and Aaron Burr (running mate) tied House of Reps broke tie Hamilton didn’t like Burr Convinced Federalist to cast blank votes Jefferson won by two votes Importance

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The Growth of the Nation 1800-1860

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  1. The Growth of the Nation1800-1860

  2. Election of 1800 • John Adams vs. Thomas Jefferson • Adam lost by 8 votes • Jefferson and Aaron Burr (running mate) tied • House of Reps broke tie • Hamilton didn’t like Burr • Convinced Federalist to cast blank votes • Jefferson won by two votes • Importance • Showed flaw in Constitution • 12th Amendment- electors cast separate ballots for President and Vice President

  3. Jeffersonian Republicanism • 1st Peaceful transfer of power from one political party to another • Philosophy • People should control Government • Small and simple best for people • Smaller Military and Government • Cut government Costs • Eliminated Taxes

  4. Marbury vs. Madison • Midnight Judges • Adams filled courts with Federalist Judges before left office • Letters not been delivered • Jefferson told Madison not to deliver • Marbury sued Madison for not delivering his letter • John Marshal-Chief Justice of Supreme Court • Ruled Judiciary Act of 1789 which forced Madison to send letter was Unconstitutional • Why is this decision Important? • Judicial Review- ability of Supreme Court to declare law Unconstitutional • Checks and Balances- Judiciary co-equal branch of Govern.

  5. Louisiana Purchase • 1803 Napoleon sold to U.S. for $15 mil. • Jefferson excepted offer • Not sure He had power to do so • Doubled size of U.S. • $.03 per acre • $390 Billion in 2003 dollars • Sent Louis and Clark to explore • Watch American Stories

  6. War of 1812 • Reasons for War • France and Britain blockades • Stopped trade for U.S. • British Impressment • Taking American Sailors and drafting them into British Navy • British Canadians giving Native Americans guns to fight Americans

  7. War of 1812 • President James Madison asked Congress to approve War • Military unprepared, no public support • British worried about Napoleon not U.S. • 1814- sacked Washington D.C. • Treaty Signed Dec. 24, 1814 • Battle of New Orleans- Jan. 8th 1815 • Andrew Jackson beat British • Didn’t know Treaty had been signed

  8. Consequences of War • End of Federalist Party- opposed to war • Growth of American Industrialization • Proved U.S. was free and Independent nation

  9. Nationalism • Belief that national interest should be placed ahead of regional interests • James Monroe- 5th President • Set Territories and Boundaries • 1818 Northern Boundary • 49th Parallel • Joint occupation of Oregon with Britain • 1819 Western Boundary • Sabine River North to Arkansas River • North to Pacific Ocean

  10. Monroe Doctrine • Threat of European powers and Russia trying to gain land in North America • Warned all European powers to stay out of Western Hemisphere • U.S. would consider any power in West as a threat to peace and safety of U.S. • Promised U.S. would stay out of European affairs

  11. Regional Differences • North-Industrialization • Shipping industry helped create manufacturing industry • Agricultural not as profitable • Specialized in one crop or livestock • Bought all other supplies • Two forms of specialization supported each other

  12. Regional Differences • South- Agriculture • Cotton Gin- cotton production profitable • Expanded slave trade- need more laborers Eli Whitney

  13. The “American System” • Proposed by Madison and Clay • Plan to move U.S. toward Economic Independence • 3 Main Points • Establish protective tariffs- stop British competition • Re-charter National Bank- unified currency • Develop Transportation system- easier travel

  14. Missouri Compromise • Missouri Slave State • Maine Free State • Louisiana Purchase divided at 36 30 N Lat. • South Slavery Legal • North Slavery Banned

  15. Election of 1824 • John Quincy Adams vs. Andrew Jackson • Corrupt Bargain • Henry Clay (Jackson’s Political enemy in same party) • Made deal with JQ Adams • Became Secretary of State • Split in Democratic-Republican Party • Clay-National Republican Party • Jackson- Democratic Party

  16. Jacksonian Democracy • Political Power for all classes • Common people should participate • Spoils System- new administrations hire their own supporters to replace supporters of previous administration • Jackson gave political jobs to friends and allies

  17. The Indian Removal Act • Federal Government Provided funds to negotiate treaties with Native Americans to move west • Cherokee Nation fought Act • Supreme Court ruled Act unconstitutional • Jackson Ignored ruling and pushed Indians west anyway

  18. Trail of TearsForced march from Georgia to Indian Territory

  19. Jackson’s Bank War • Tariff of 1816- taxes on imports reduced manufactured goods from Britain • British bought less cotton from South • Southerner mad because they were forced to buy high priced Northern goods • North getting rich off of the South • Nullification- inoperative, not valid • States sovereign- power to declare Acts of congress unconstitutional

  20. Jackson’s Bank War • 2nd Bank of U.S. • Tried to decrease power • Benefited wealthy not common man • Took all Federal money out of Bank • Became just another bank

  21. Dealing with Jackson’s Legacy • Martin Van Buren • Won with Jackson’s support • Inherited Bank problem • Federal Money had been put into “pet banks” • Banks loyal to democrats • Printed money without gold or silver to back it • Doomed to failure when withdrawals occurred • Panic of 1837 • Banks wouldn’t accept paper money • Businesses bankrupt • 1/3 people lost jobs

  22. Dealing with Jackson’s Legacy • William Henry Harrison- Whig • Won election because Van Buren blamed form weak economy • Died 1 month into Presidency • VP John Tyler became President • Former Democrat • Stopped Whig reforms

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